Efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to Quadratus lumborum block for pediatrics undergoing laparoscopic pyeloplasty. A prospective randomized double blinded study.

Background: We designed this study to evaluate dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in pediatrics either interfascial versus intravenous on the quality of postoperative analgesia and incidence of side effects.

Methods: Fifty pediatric patients ASA I and II, from eight to thirteen years old posted for laparoscopic pyeloplasty were randomized either to: QLB dexmedetomidine intravenous (QD IV) group or QLB dexmedetomidine interfascial (QD IF) group. A 24-h postoperative morphine consumption (primary outcome), time to first analgesic request, postoperative pain and sedation scores were compared.

Comparative Study between Different Modes of Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Bypass and its Effect on Postoperative Pulmonary Dysfunction.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction is a prevalent complication after cardiac surgery; it has many contributing considerations due to either the surgery itself, anomalies to gas exchange or maybe as a result of alterations in lung mechanics. The aim of this study was to compare pressure-controlled ventilation versus volume-controlled ventilation in the presence of no ventilation group as a control group during cardiopulmonary bypass and its effect on postoperative pulmonary dysfunction.

Patients And Methods: Sixty-six patients going through open-heart surgeries were included in the study.