Fervent Hype behind Magnesium Batteries: An Open Call to Synthetic Chemists-Electrolytes and Cathodes Needed.

Magnesium metal is a superior anode which has double the volumetric capacity of lithium metal and has a negative reduction potential of -2.37 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode.

Comparison of the Properties of Regression and Categorical Risk-Adjustment Models.

Clinical risk-adjustment, the ability to standardize the comparison of individuals with different health needs, is based upon 2 main alternative approaches: regression models and clinical categorical models. In this article, we examine the impact of the differences in the way these models are constructed on end user applications.

Confession of a Magnesium Battery.

Magnesium is an ideal metal anode that has nearly double the volumetric capacity of lithium metal with a very negative reduction potential of -2.37 vs SHE. A significant advantage of magnesium is the apparent lack of dendrite formation during charging, which overcomes major safety and performance challenges encountered with using lithium metal anodes.

Structure and compatibility of a magnesium electrolyte with a sulphur cathode.

Magnesium metal is an ideal rechargeable battery anode material because of its high volumetric energy density, high negative reduction potential and natural abundance. Coupling Mg with high capacity, low-cost cathode materials such as electrophilic sulphur is only possible with a non-nucleophilic electrolyte. Here we show how the crystallization of the electrochemically active species formed from the reaction between hexamethyldisilazide magnesium chloride and aluminum trichloride enables the synthesis of a non-nucleophilic electrolyte.

Identifying potentially preventable complications using a present on admission indicator.

This article describes the development of Potentially Preventable Complications (PPCs), a new method that uses a present on admission (POA) indicator to identify in-hospital complications among secondary diagnoses that arise after admission. Analyses that used PPCs to obtain risk-adjusted complication rates for California hospitals showed that (1) the POA indicator is essential for identifying complications, (2) frequency of complications varies by reason for admission and severity of illness (SOI), (3) complications are associated with higher hospital charges, longer lengths of stay, and increased mortality, and (4) hospital complication rates tend to be stable over time.

Ultrafast and ultraslow oxygen atom transfer reactions between late metal centers.

Oxotrimesityliridium(V), (mes)3Ir=O (mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), and trimesityliridium(III), (mes)3Ir, undergo extremely rapid degenerate intermetal oxygen atom transfer at room temperature. At low temperatures, the two complexes conproportionate to form (mes)3Ir-O-Ir(mes)3, the 2,6-dimethylphenyl analogue of which has been characterized crystallographically. Variable-temperature NMR measurements of the rate of dissociation of the mu-oxo dimer combined with measurements of the conproportionation equilibrium by low-temperature optical spectroscopy indicate that oxygen atom exchange between iridium(V) and iridium(III) occurs with a rate constant, extrapolated to 20 degrees C, of 5 x 107 M-1 s-1.

Profile of medical charges for children by health status group and severity level in a Washington State Health Plan.

Objective: To identify children and evaluate patterns of charges for pediatric medical care, by overall health status, severity of illness, and categories of medical service. Data Sources Enrollment, claims, and charges data from a Washington State health plan. The study population includes all children ages 0 to 18 years during calendar year 1999.

Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs): a classification system for risk-adjusted capitation-based payment and health care management.

Objective: To develop Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs), a claims-based classification system for risk adjustment that assigns each individual to a single mutually exclusive risk group based on historical clinical and demographic characteristics to predict future use of healthcare resources. STUDY DESIGN/DATA SOURCES: We developed CRGs through a highly iterative process of extensive clinical hypothesis generation followed by evaluation and verification with computerized claims-based databases containing inpatient and ambulatory information from 3 sources: a 5% sample of Medicare enrollees for years 1991-1994, a privately insured population enrolled during the same time period, and a Medicaid population with 2 years of data.

Results: We created a system of 269 hierarchically ranked, mutually exclusive base-risk groups (Base CRGs) based on the presence of chronic diseases and combinations of chronic diseases.

Trends in pediatric hospitalizations of children in washington state by insurance and chronic condition status, 1991-1998.

Objective: To examine the possible impact of changes in the organization and management of the Medicaid program on hospitalization patterns for children with chronic and nonchronic conditions between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1998.

Design: Longitudinal retrospective study of hospitalization patterns of children in 4 strata: Medicaid, non-Medicaid, chronic conditions, and nonchronic conditions.

Setting: Washington State.

Characteristics of deaths occurring in children's hospitals: implications for supportive care services.

Context: End-of-life care is an important yet underdeveloped component of pediatric hospital services.

Objectives: We sought 1) to describe the demographics of children who die in children's hospitals, 2) to describe the prevalence of complex chronic conditions (CCCs) among these cases, and 3) to test the hypotheses that cases with a greater number of CCC diagnoses experience longer periods both of mechanical ventilation and of hospitalization before death. Design and Methods.

Practical Os/Cu-cocatalyzed air oxidation of allyl and benzyl alcohols at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

[reaction: see text] A new protocol for the oxidation of primary and secondary allyl and benzyl alcohols at room temperature and using 1 atm of air is described. The procedure uses low loadings of copper salts and osmium tetroxide, which is activated with quinuclidine and prereduced with an alkene. Chemoselectivity for allyl and benzyl alcohols is very high, no overoxidation is observed, and the reaction takes place under neutral conditions.

Identifying and classifying children with chronic conditions using administrative data with the clinical risk group classification system.

Objective: To identify and categorize children with chronic health conditions using administrative data.

Methods: The Clinical Risk Groups (CRGs) system is used to classify children, aged 0-18 years, in a mid-sized health plan into mutually exclusive categories and severity groups. Enrollees are categorized into 9 health status groups--healthy, significant acute, and 7 chronic conditions--and are then stratified by severity.