Do local and landscape context affect the attractiveness of flower gardens to bees?

Planting floral resources is a common strategy for increasing the abundance and diversity of beneficial flower-visiting insects in human-modified systems. However, the context of the local area and surrounding landscape may affect the attractiveness of these floral resource provisioning plots. We compared the relative effects of local floral resources and surrounding urban land-use on the abundance of bees on flowering plants in common gardens in eastern Tennessee, USA.

First phylogenetic analysis of the Nearctic madicolous midges of the genus Androprosopa Mik (Diptera: Thaumaleidae).

Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted to infer relationships between the eastern and western Nearctic Androprosopa Mik and amongst the considerably more diverse western Nearctic species. Fresh, molecular-grade material was obtained for all Nearctic Androprosopa species except two Mexican species, An. sonorensis (Arnaud & Boussy) and An.

Polycentropus aileenae n. sp. (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae), a caddisfly species from the eastern Nearctic, with new state records for members of the Polycentropus confusus Species Group.

A new eastern Nearctic species of tube-making caddisfly of the genus Polycentropus Curtis 1835 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) is described and illustrated based on adult males and females. Polycentropus aileenae n. sp.

Revision of the genus (Diptera, Thaumaleidae) Theischinger of South America, with descriptions of nine new species and a new immature morphotype.

The Theischinger fauna of South America is revised to include 11 species, nine of which are described as new to science ( Pivar, , Pivar & Moulton, , Pivar & Sinclair, , Pivar, , Pivar, , Pivar, , Pivar, , Pivar, , Pivar, ). The genus is redefined, both previously described Chilean species are redescribed, (Edwards) and (Edwards), and females are described or redescribed where possible. The first descriptions of the immature stages of South American are provided, which represent a new larval morphotype in Thaumaleidae, as larvae and pupae possess ventral adhesive structures.

Twenty years of Dipterology through the pages of Zootaxa.

We present a summary and analysis of the Diptera-related information published in Zootaxa from 2001 to 2020, with a focus on taxonomic papers. Altogether, 2,527 papers on Diptera were published, including 2,032 taxonomic papers and 1,931 papers containing new nomenclatural acts, equivalent to 22% of all publications with new nomenclatural acts for Diptera. The new nomenclatural acts include 7,431 new species, 277 new genera, 2,003 new synonymies, and 1,617 new combinations.

Heth pivari n. sp. (Nematoda: Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae) from the indigenous North American millipede Narceus gordanus (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae), with keys for worldwide Heth spp.

Forty-four specimens of the millipede Narceus gordanus Chamberlin, 1943 (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) were collected from Alachua, Citrus, Hernando, and Marion counties in peninsular Florida. Morphometric data were recorded for each. Nematodes were dissected from the intestine of each individual and sorted into morphotaxa.

Revision of the South American species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir (Diptera: Thaumaleidae).

The Austrothaumalea fauna of South America is revised and includes five species: A. apicalis Edwards, A. chilensis Edwards, A.

Austrocnephia, new genus, for five species of 'Paracnephia' (Diptera: Simuliidae), with a key to Australian black fly genera.

A segregate of the so-called Australian 'Paracnephia' (Diptera: Simuliidae) is assigned to a new genus, Austrocnephia. The taxon is fully diagnosed and a key to constituent species presented. Two species-groups are recognized: the aurantiaca species-group, comprised of A.

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of world Tachinidae (Diptera).

We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within the diverse parasitoid fly family Tachinidae using four nuclear loci (7800 bp) and including an exceptionally large sample of more than 500 taxa from around the world. The position of the earthworm-parasitizing Polleniinae (Calliphoridae s.l.

A new genus, Protaustrosimulium, for four species of Australian black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Protaustrosimulium n. gen. is described for four species: two previously named species from southeastern Australia-Paracnephia pilfreyi (Davies Györkös 1988) and Paracnephia terebrans (Tonnoir 1925)-plus two newly described ones from the southwestern-most corner of Western Australia-Prot.

n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Thelastomatidae) from Appalachian Polydesmid Millipedes (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae).

Stauratostoma shelleyi n. gen., n.

Rediscovery of Dixa repanda Peters and description of its putative sister species, Dixa falcata sp. nov., from the south-central United States (Diptera: Dixidae).

Dixa repanda Peters, previously known only from the type series of three males, was rediscovered after targeted collections in the southcentral and midwestern United States. These collections also revealed the presence of its undescribed putative sister species, Dixa falcata sp. nov.

Nothogreniera new genus, for two species of Australian "Paracnephia" (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Two species of Australian Simuliidae known only from adult females and currently assigned to "Paracnephia" are re-described, as are their now-known males and immature stages. Morphological character states of "Paracnephia" fergusoni (Tonnoir) and "P." fergusoni var.

Reassignment of Western Australia Paracnephia gladiator Moulton Adler to a new genus, Bunyipellum (Diptera: Simuliidae).

With new material available of most stages of many known Australian Paracnephia, including new species, it is now clear that certain segregates warrant assignment to new genera. This applies to Paracnephia gladiator Moulton Adler, a Western Australia simuliid with numerous unique character states. The species is fully redescribed and assigned to Bunyipellum nov.

A novel molecular toolkit for rapid detection of the pathogen and primary vector of thousand cankers disease.

Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of Juglans and Pterocarya (Juglandaceae) involves a fungal pathogen, Geosmithia morbida, and a primary insect vector, Pityophthorus juglandis. TCD was described originally from dying Juglans nigra trees in the western United States (USA), but it was reported subsequently from the eastern USA and northern Italy. The disease is often difficult to diagnose due to the absence of symptoms or signs on the bark surface of the host.

Taxonomic revision of Wygodzinsky & Coscarón: reassignment of and description of n. sp. from Western Australia.

The hitherto monotypic South American genus Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky & Coscarón is revised to accommodate two Australian species: Austrosimulium colboi Davies & Györkös and Paraustrosimulium obcidens n. sp. The generic diagnosis is updated and the eastern Australian species Paraustrosimulium colboi (Davies & Györkös) n.

The true identity of Johannsen (Diptera: Dixidae) resolved: synonymy of Johannsen, designation of the species group, and description of three new eastern Nearctic species.

Examination of the lectotype male of Dixa modesta Johannsen revealed this species has a confused taxonomic history. It was discovered that Dixa modesta and Dixa similis Johannsen are based on the same nominal species, the former having priority. As a result, Dixa similis falls into synonymy with Dixa modesta (syn.

n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Oxyuridomorpha: Coronostomatidae) from the Indigenous Milliped (Chamberlain, 1943) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida) in Ocala National Forest, Florida.

Twenty-four individuals of (Diplopoda: Spirobolidae) were collected in Ocala National Forest, FL, between November 2013 and July 2014. Each specimen was dissected to extract the intestine, which was removed and examined for parasitic nematodes. n.

Phylogenetic placement of two species known only from resting spores: Zoophthora independentia sp. nov. and Z. porteri comb nov. (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae).

Molecular methods were used to determine the generic placement of two species of Entomophthorales known only from resting spores. Historically, these species would belong in the form-genus Tarichium, but this classification provides no information about phylogenetic relationships. Using DNA from resting spores, Zoophthora independentia, infecting Tipula (Lunatipula) submaculata in New York State, is now described as a new species and Tarichium porteri, described in 1942, which infects Tipula (Triplicitipula) colei in Tennessee, is transferred to the genus Zoophthora.

A new species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir from Australia (Diptera: Thaumaleidae).

Austrothaumalea spiculata sp. nov. is described from Grampians National Park, in southwest Victoria (Australia).

The Dixa inextricata Dyar & Shannon (Diptera: Dixidae) species group, with two new cryptic species from the eastern Nearctic Region.

Dixa inextricata Dyar & Shannon is currently regarded as a widespread species in the eastern Nearctic, currently distinguished from sympatric congeners by its brown coloration and triangular gonostylus as seen in lateral view. Recent morphological examination of archival material and dual morphological and molecular examination of recently acquired material fitting the diagnosis of Dixa inextricata revealed the presence of three species. These three species have never been found occupying the same stream in spite of two different pairs of members being geographically and temporally sympatric.

Redescription of Aposycorax chilensis (Tonnoir) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Sycoracinae) with the first identification of a blood meal host for the species.

Adults of Aposycorax chilensis were collected from several sites during fieldwork in Chilean Patagonia, December 2013. Specimens were swept or aspirated from roadside seeps and found in greatest numbers during the morning hours. DNA was extracted from a recently blood-fed female and was subjected to the polymerase chain reaction using vertebrate-specific 16S primers.

Explosive radiation or uninformative genes? Origin and early diversification of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae).

Molecular phylogenetic studies at all taxonomic levels often infer rapid radiation events based on short, poorly resolved internodes. While such rapid episodes of diversification are an important and widespread evolutionary phenomenon, much of this poor phylogenetic resolution may be attributed to the continuing widespread use of "traditional" markers (mitochondrial, ribosomal, and some nuclear protein-coding genes) that are often poorly suited to resolve difficult, higher-level phylogenetic problems. Here we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among a representative set of taxa of the parasitoid fly family Tachinidae and related outgroups of the superfamily Oestroidea.

Juvenile hormone and insulin suppress lipolysis between periods of lactation during tsetse fly pregnancy.

Tsetse flies are viviparous insects that nurture a single intrauterine progeny per gonotrophic cycle. The developing larva is nourished by the lipid-rich, milk-like secretions from a modified female accessory gland (milk gland). An essential feature of the lactation process involves lipid mobilization for incorporation into the milk.