Re-evaluating the health impact and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis preventive treatment for modern HIV cohorts on antiretroviral therapy: a modelling analysis using data from Tanzania.

Background: Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) can prevent tuberculosis among people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV programmes are now initiating patients on ART with higher average CD4 cell counts and lower tuberculosis risks under test-and-treat guidelines. We aimed to investigate how this change has affected the health impact and cost-effectiveness of IPT.