Functional characterization of the biogenic amine transporters on human macrophages.

Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are key players in tissue homeostasis and diseases regulated by a variety of signaling molecules. Recent literature has highlighted the ability for biogenic amines to regulate macrophage functions, but the mechanisms governing biogenic amine signaling in and around immune cells remain nebulous. In the CNS, biogenic amine transporters are regarded as the master regulators of neurotransmitter signaling.

Long-term results of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic drainage for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction.

Introduction: Percutaneous stenting is established in the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. We examined the indications, success rate, complications, and long-term postoperative course of patients undergoing this procedure.

Methods: All patients undergoing percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and metal stenting over a 12-month period in a tertiary referral center were studied.