Cell-free synthesis of the Salmonella specific broad host range bacteriophage, felixO1.

Phage-based biocontrol of foodborne Salmonella is limited by the requisite use of Salmonella to propagate the phages. This limitation can be circumvented by producing Salmonella phages using a cell-free gene expression system (CFE) with a non-pathogenic chassis. Here, we produce the Salmonella phage felixO1 using an E.

A ToxIN homolog from Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis impairs bacteriophage infection.

Aims: To determine if the bacteriophage abortive infection system ToxIN is present in foodborne Salmonella and if it protects against infection by bacteriophages specific to enteric bacteria.

Methods And Results: A set of foodborne Salmonella enteritidis isolates from a 2010 eggshell outbreak was identified via BLASTN (basic local alignment search tool nucleotide) queries as harboring a close homolog of ToxIN, carried on a plasmid with putative mobilization proteins. This homolog was cloned into a plasmid vector and transformed into the laboratory strain Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and tested against a set of Salmonella-specific phages (FelixO1, S16, Sp6, LPST153, and P22 HT105/1 int-201).

The Outer Membrane Cytochrome OmcA Is Essential for Infection of Shewanella oneidensis by a Zebrafish-Associated Bacteriophage.

The microbiota-the mixture of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of animals-plays an important role in host biology. Bacteriophages are a prominent, though often overlooked, component of the microbiota. The mechanisms that phage use to infect susceptible cells associated with animal hosts, and the broader role they could play in determining the substituents of the microbiota, are poorly understood.

Convergent evolution and horizontal gene transfer in Arctic Ocean microalgae.

Microbial communities in the world ocean are affected strongly by oceanic circulation, creating characteristic marine biomes. The high connectivity of most of the ocean makes it difficult to disentangle selective retention of colonizing genotypes (with traits suited to biome specific conditions) from evolutionary selection, which would act on founder genotypes over time. The Arctic Ocean is exceptional with limited exchange with other oceans and ice covered since the last ice age.

Is releasing pulleys during flexor tendon repair "part and parcel"? Narrative review of the current evidence.

Background: The complex hand flexors pulleys system is essential in achieving efficient flexor tendons' function. Previous cadaveric studies demonstrated that A2 and A4 are the crucial pulleys in maintaining normal digits biomechanics. Realistically, the preservation of A2 and A4 pulleys during repairing flexor tendon laceration in zones one and two can be extremely challenging.

How to manage scaphoid waist fractures? Introduction of pragmatic imaging efficient pathway and literature review of the recent evidence.

Introduction And Objective: The scaphoid bone sustains about 90 % of carpal bone fractures and is the second-highest bone at risk of post-traumatic osteonecrosis. Delayed diagnosis and treatment could lead to non-union and advanced carpal bones collapse. This study aimed to introduce an imaging efficient and practical scaphoid waist fracture management pathway (SWFMP) and measure its efficacy in clinical practice.

Contemporary accuracy of death certificates for coding prostate cancer as a cause of death: Is reliance on death certification good enough? A comparison with blinded review by an independent cause of death evaluation committee.

Background: Accurate cause of death assignment is crucial for prostate cancer epidemiology and trials reporting prostate cancer-specific mortality outcomes.

Methods: We compared death certificate information with independent cause of death evaluation by an expert committee within a prostate cancer trial (2002-2015).

Results: Of 1236 deaths assessed, expert committee evaluation attributed 523 (42%) to prostate cancer, agreeing with death certificate cause of death in 1134 cases (92%, 95% CI: 90%, 93%).

Exostoses, enchondromatosis and metachondromatosis; diagnosis and management.

We describe a 5 years old girl who presented to the multidisciplinary skeletal dysplasia clinic following excision of two bony lumps from her fingers. Based on clinical examination, radiolographs and histological results an initial diagnosis of hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) was made. Four years later she developed further lumps which had the radiological appearance of enchondromas.

Post-poliomyelitis syndrome as a possible viral disease.

This review summarizes current concepts on post-polio syndrome (PPS), a condition that may arise in polio survivors after partial or complete functional recovery followed by a prolonged interval of stable neurological function. PPS affects 15-20 million people worldwide. Epidemiological data are reported, together with the pathogenic pathways that possibly lead to the progressive degeneration and loss of neuromuscular motor units.

Botulinum Toxin in the management of hitchhiker's toe.

Introduction: Hyperextension of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscle is a well recognised disabling sequel of either pyramidal or extrapyramidal lesions causing what is known as striated or hitchhiker's toe. Surgery was the only effective strategy to manage EHL hyperextension before botulinum toxin's use to manage muscular dystonia and spasticity became widely popular.

Methods: A multicentre retrospective study.

Foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins following direct stem injection into white and green ash trees for control of emerald ash borer.

Background: Azadirachtins are natural insecticides derived from the neem tree. The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an exotic invasive insect pest that infests various ash tree species and has the potential for significant economic, aesthetic and ecological impacts throughout North America. The initial translocation and foliar residue dynamics of azadirachtins were examined following direct injection into white and green ash trees growing in urban scenarios as a potential control for EAB.

Azadirachtin: an effective systemic insecticide for control of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive pest discovered in North America in 2002, is now well established and threatens ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees throughout the continent. Experiments were conducted to 1) examine the efficacy of an alternative natural pesticide, azadirachtin, to control emerald ash borer, and 2) determine foliar uptake and dissipation patterns after systemic injections of azadirachtin into trunks of small (2.

A ganglion cyst at the elbow causing superficial radial nerve compression: a case report.

Introduction: We report a rare case of a ganglion cyst at the elbow causing neurological symptoms by stretching the superficial radial nerve alone. Ganglia associated with radial nerve palsy at the elbow have been reported previously involving the deep branch of the posterior interosseous nerve and the superficial radial nerve, but not the superficial radial nerve alone.

Case Presentation: A 45-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of a painful lump in the anterior aspect of her left elbow associated with altered sensation in the dorsoradial aspect of her left hand.