A 3-Dimensional Printed Patient-Specific Surgical Guide to Facilitate Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy in Dogs.

Objective: Hypophysectomy in dogs is a difficult surgery that requires specific learning and training. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a 3-dimensional printed patient-specific surgical guide to facilitate choosing the entry point in the basisphenoid bone before approaching the during transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in dogs.

Methods: Two canine cadavers and 8 dogs undergoing transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for Cushing's disease treatment, involving design and fabrication of a 3-dimensional printed guide.

Feline Pituitary Adenomas: Correlation of Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics With Clinical Findings and Case Outcome.

Pituitary glands from 141 feline autopsy cases were reviewed histologically. Adenoma and hyperplasia were the most common lesions at 13 cases each. Pituitary adenoma was more likely than hyperplasia to be associated with clinical evidence of endocrinopathy or an intracranial mass ( < .

Effect of Targeted Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy on Canine Postoperative Hemilaminectomy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Intervertebral disc disease is one of the leading causes of paralysis in dogs. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy has been advocated for improving wound healing and pain reduction; however, robust clinical trials are lacking. The present prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated targeted PEMF therapy administered to 53 client-owned dogs who underwent hemilaminectomy for naturally occurring disk extrusion intervertebral disc disease.

Metabolic Encephalopathy and Lipid Storage Myopathy Associated with a Presumptive Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Defect in a Dog.

A 1-year-old spayed female Shih Tzu presented for episodic abnormalities of posture and mentation. Neurological examination was consistent with a bilaterally symmetric multifocal encephalopathy. The dog had a waxing-and-waning hyperlactemia and hypoglycemia.

Canine struvite urolithiasis.

Struvite calculi, composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate, have existed for thousands of years in human medicine and are a leading cause of calculi in companion animals. Struvite stones have also been called urease, infection-induced, phosphatic, and triple phosphate stones. They are the most common uroliths in dogs, in which most cases of struvite urolithiasis are associated with infection.

Methods of urolith removal.

Multiple techniques exist to remove uroliths from each section of the urinary tract. Minimally invasive methods for removing lower urinary tract stones include voiding urohydropropulsion, retrograde urohydropropulsion followed by dissolution or removal, catheter retrieval, cystoscopic removal, and cystoscopy-assisted laser lithotripsy and surgery. Laparoscopic cystotomy is less invasive than surgical cystotomy.

Feline struvite urolithiasis.

Feline urolithiasis represents 15% of all cases of nonobstructive lower urinary tract disease in cats. Approximately 50% of feline uroliths are composed of struvite. Struvite urolithiasis commonly recurs, but optimal management may decrease its frequency.

Calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths are one of the most common urolith types in dogs, cats, and humans. Many factors predispose animals to CaOx uroliths, including breed, old age, obesity, male sex, being neutered, and certain diseases. Because there are no effective strategies for medical dissolution of these uroliths, management should focus on physical removal (by surgical or nonsurgical methods) and prevention, especially in patients with recurring uroliths, high-risk breeds, and animals with predisposing diseases.

Urate urolithiasis.

Urate uroliths belong to the purine family of uroliths and are the third most common urolith type in dogs and cats. In dalmatians, an autosomal recessive trait is responsible for hyperuricosuria and a predisposition to urate urolithiasis. In other dog breeds and in cats, urate uroliths are predominantly associated with liver disease, specifically portosystemic vascular anomalies.

Diagnosis of urolithiasis.

Diagnostic imaging is usually required to determine the presence of urolithiasis. Double-contrast cystography is more accurate than survey radiography and approximately as accurate as ultrasonography. Knowledge of the mineral composition of calculi helps direct appropriate management of urolithiasis, and signalment can help predict composition with about 70% accuracy.