Consequences of Legal Infractions on the General Surgery Residency Application Process.

Objective: Alcohol and drug-related legal infractions are common among college and medical students. The objective of this work is to quantify the influence of these legal infractions on program directors (PDs) when making decisions on applicants to general surgery residencies.

Design: A convenience sample of 72 PDs with publicly accessible email addresses were electronically sent a previously piloted survey tool.

Pop-out effects revisited: Within-array category pop-out and novel pop-out effects with picture stimuli.

Pop-out effects occur when a novel or different stimulus is presented in the context of an array of otherwise familiar or similar stimuli. The effect has been studied using words extensively, but little evidence exists for humans relating to nonverbal stimuli. Although the finding has implications for understanding features of stimuli that capture attention, contradictory findings exist, and previous paradigms have limited applicability to real world situations.

microRNA-1 Regulates Metabolic Flexibility in Skeletal Muscle via Pyruvate Metabolism.

MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is the most abundant miRNA in adult skeletal muscle. To determine the function of miR-1 in adult skeletal muscle, we generated an inducible, skeletal muscle-specific miR-1 knockout (KO) mouse. Integration of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from miR-1 KO muscle with Argonaute 2 enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation sequencing (AGO2 eCLIP-seq) from human skeletal muscle identified miR-1 target genes involved with glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism.

Satellite cell dynamics during skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) display distinct behavior crucial for tissue maintenance and repair. Upon activation, MuSCs exhibit distinct modes of division: symmetric division, facilitating either self-renewal or differentiation, and asymmetric division, which dictates divergent cellular fates. This review explores the nuanced dynamics of MuSC division and the molecular mechanisms governing this behavior.

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy: cell growth is cell growth.

Roberts et al. have provided an insightful counterpoint to our review article on the utility of the synergist ablation model. The purpose of this review is to provide some further dialogue regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the synergist ablation model.

The utility of the rodent synergist ablation model in identifying molecular and cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity to adapt to stimuli such as mechanical loading. The mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy due to mechanical overload have been thoroughly studied. Remarkably, our understanding of many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate hypertrophic growth were first identified using the rodent synergist ablation (SA) model and subsequently corroborated in human resistance exercise training studies.

The rRNA epitranscriptome and myonuclear SNORD landscape in skeletal muscle fibers contributes to ribosome heterogeneity and is altered by a hypertrophic stimulus.

In cell biology, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 2'-methyl (2'--Me) is the most prevalent posttranscriptional chemical modification contributing to ribosome heterogeneity. The modification involves a family of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is specified by box C/D snoRNAs (SNORDs). Given the importance of ribosome biogenesis for skeletal muscle growth, we asked if rRNA 2'--Me in nascent ribosomes synthesized in response to a growth stimulus is an unrecognized mode of ribosome heterogeneity in muscle.

Microbial-Derived Exerkines Prevent Skeletal Muscle Atrophy.

Regular exercise yields a multitude of systemic benefits, many of which may be mediated through the gut microbiome. Here, we report that cecal microbial transplants (CMTs) from exercise-trained vs. sedentary mice have modest benefits in reducing skeletal muscle atrophy using a mouse model of unilaterally hindlimb-immobilization.

A Case of Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Masked as Suspected Hepatic Abscesses.

Background: Characterizing multiple hepatic lesions on cross-sectional imaging, particularly differentiating abscesses from metastatic lesions, can be challenging.

Case Presentation: A male aged 53 years with a history of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma presented with fevers and abdominal pain and was found to have multiple hepatic lesions concerning for hepatic abscesses. The lesions initially evaded diagnosis on imaging, laboratory tests, and biopsy, but ultimately were determined to be a rare case of metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma of the liver.

Combination therapy of itraconazole and an acylhydrazone derivative (D13) for the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats.

Unlabelled: Acylhydrazone (AH) derivatives represent a novel category of anti-fungal medications that exhibit potent activity against sp., both and in a murine model of sporotrichosis. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-fungal efficacy of the AH derivative D13 [4-bromo-'-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-benzohydrazide] against both planktonic cells and biofilms formed by .

Walking net O rises with advancing age in older women: where to go from here?

Purpose: Walking net O tends to increase with advancing age; however, factors contributing to this relationship have not been widely described. The implications of such findings could inform targeted strategies to promote independent mobility in older adults. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between net O and age at two submaximal workloads while exploring potential moderators of this relationship.

Impact of the Communities That HEAL Intervention on Buprenorphine-Waivered Practitioners and Buprenorphine Prescribing: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of the HCS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Buprenorphine significantly reduces opioid-related overdose mortality. From 2002 to 2022, the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA 2000) required qualified practitioners to receive a waiver from the Drug Enforcement Agency to prescribe buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder. During this period, waiver uptake among practitioners was modest; subsequent changes need to be examined.

Impact of Primary Care-Mental Health Care Integration on Mental Health Care Engagement Across Racial and Ethnic Groups.

Objective: Receiving mental health services as part of primary care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) might increase engagement in specialty mental health care. The authors reexamined the association between primary care-mental health integration (PCMHI) and continued engagement in specialty mental health care for VHA patients and assessed differences by race and ethnicity.

Methods: The study included 437,051 primary care patients with a first in-person specialty mental health encounter in 2015-2016 (no specialty mental health encounters in prior 12 months), including 46,417 patients with new PCMHI encounters in the year before the first specialty mental health encounter.

Methadone and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS): what we think we know, but do not.

Since the first use of methadone to treat OUD in pregnancy in the 1970s, there has been a long, controversial, and confusing history of studies, regulatory actions, and practice changes that have clouded an accurate perception of methadone's use in pregnancy. This review will trace this history with a focus on the effect of methadone exposure during pregnancy on neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). A new laboratory measure, the serum methadone/metabolite ratio (MMR), has provided a tool for documenting the profoundly dynamic nature of perinatal metabolism.

ApoE isoform does not influence skeletal muscle regeneration in adult mice.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been shown to be necessary for proper skeletal muscle regeneration. Consistent with this finding, single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses of skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) revealed that is a top marker of quiescent MuSCs that is downregulated upon activation. The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle regeneration is altered in mice which harbor one of the three common human ApoE isoforms, referred to as ApoE2, E3 and E4.

Division-Independent Differentiation of Muscle Stem Cells During a Growth Stimulus.

Adult muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are known to replicate upon activation before differentiating and fusing to regenerate myofibers. It is unclear whether MuSC differentiation is intrinsically linked to cell division, which has implications for stem cell population maintenance. We use single-cell RNA-sequencing to identify transcriptionally diverse subpopulations of MuSCs after 5 days of a growth stimulus in adult muscle.

Coordinated Regulation of Myonuclear DNA Methylation, mRNA, and miRNA Levels Associates With the Metabolic Response to Rapid Synergist Ablation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Female Mice.

The central dogma of molecular biology dictates the general flow of molecular information from DNA that leads to a functional cellular outcome. In skeletal muscle fibers, the extent to which global myonuclear transcriptional alterations, accounting for epigenetic and post-transcriptional influences, contribute to an adaptive stress response is not clearly defined. In this investigation, we leveraged an integrated analysis of the myonucleus-specific DNA methylome and transcriptome, as well as myonuclear small RNA profiling to molecularly define the early phase of skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy.

Bleeding Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Results in a Sticky Situation: The Good and Bad of Hemostatic Spray.

A 50-year-old female presented with symptomatic anemia and hematemesis due to a 3.3 cm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), which was located in the fundus. Adequate endoscopic views were only achieved in the retroflexed position and attempts at hemostasis via endoscopic clips were unsuccessful.