Long-term Outcomes of Single and Dual En Bloc Kidney Transplants From Small Pediatric Donors: An ANZDATA Registry Study.

Unlabelled: Kidney transplants from small pediatric donors are considered marginal and often transplanted as dual grafts. This study aimed to compare long-term outcomes between recipients of single kidney transplants (SKTs) and dual en bloc kidney transplants (EBKTs) from small pediatric donors.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry.

How do fatalistic beliefs affect the attitudes and pedestrian behaviours of road users in different countries? A cross-cultural study.

This paper reports on an exploratory investigation of the influence of five different fatalistic belief constructs (divine control, luck, helplessness, internality, and general fatalism) on three classes of self-reported pedestrian behaviours (memory and attention errors, rule violations, and aggressive behaviours) and on respondents' general attitudes to road safety, and how relationships between constructs differ across countries. A survey of over 3400 respondents across Bangladesh, China, Kenya, Thailand, the UK, and Vietnam revealed a similar pattern for most of the relationships assessed, in most countries; those who reported higher fatalistic beliefs or more external attributions of causality also reported performing riskier pedestrian behaviours and holding more dangerous attitudes to road safety. The strengths of relationships between constructs did, however, differ by country, behaviour type, and aspect of fatalism.

Vulnerable road users in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: Validation of a Pedestrian Behaviour Questionnaire.

The primary aim of this study was to validate the short version of a Pedestrian Behaviour Questionnaire across six culturally and economically distinct countries; Bangladesh, China, Kenya, Thailand, the UK, and Vietnam. The questionnaire comprised 20 items that asked respondents to rate the extent to which they perform certain types of pedestrian behaviours, with each behaviour belonging to one of five categories identified in previous literature; violations, errors, lapses, aggressive behaviours, and positive behaviours. The sample consisted of 3423 respondents across the six countries.

Following the cognitive work analysis train of thought: exploring the constraints of modal shift to rail transport.

Unlabelled: Environmental concerns show that transport is responsible for almost a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions, and it is also the fastest growing sector. Modal shift towards public transport could help slow down, or even reverse, this trend. There appear to be a number of constraints that are preventing this from happening.

Change in live donor characteristics over the last 25 years: a single centre experience.

Aim: While deceased donor kidney transplantation rates have remained stagnant, live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) rates have increased significantly over the last decade, and are now a major component of renal transplantation programmes worldwide. Additionally, there has been an increased utilization of more marginal donors, including donors who are obese, older and subjects with well-controlled hypertension.

Method: A retrospective audit of all live donors at the Princess Alexandra Hospital Renal Transplantation unit was performed from 24 August 1982 to 29 May 2007 to assess any change in donor characteristics over time.

Kidneys from patients with small renal tumours: a novel source of kidneys for transplantation.

Objective: To report the use of a novel donor source as a further option to increase the number of patients who might be able to receive a renal transplant.

Patients And Methods: Between May 1996 and July 2007, 43 kidneys were transplanted using kidneys obtained from patients with small (<3 cm diameter) incidentally detected tumours. After bench surgery to excise the tumour, they were all successfully transplanted into patients who were elderly or had significant comorbidities.

Laparoscopic vs open living donor nephrectomy: a contemporary series from one centre.

Objective: To report our experience of laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LDN) vs open donor nephrectomy (ODN), as LDN offers potential advantages to the donor and has become a routine procedure for live kidney procurement worldwide.

Patients And Methods: Between February 2000 and August 2005 we performed 183 donor-recipient operations at our institution (ODN, 83; LDN, 100). We prospectively collected information on all donors and recipients for the same period to audit our experience with the first 100 LDNs.

Is mycophenolate mofetil less safe than azathioprine in elderly renal transplant recipients?

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a potent immunosuppressive agent that has been shown to be superior to azathioprine in preventing early acute rejection in the general renal transplant population. However, it is uncertain whether these benefits also apply to older renal transplant recipients, who are known to be more susceptible to infectious complications and have considerably lower rates of rejection and immunological graft loss.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all elderly (> or =55 years old) renal transplant recipients who underwent renal transplantation at the Princess Alexandra Hospital (1994-2000) and received either MMF (n=60) or azathioprine (n=55) in combination with prednisolone and cyclosporin.