Impact of climate change and management strategies on water and salt balance of the polders and islands in the Ganges delta.

Enhancing crop production, particularly by growing a crop in the typically-fallow dry season is a key strategy for alleviating poverty in the Ganges delta region. We used a polder water and salt balance model to examine the impact of several crop management, salt management and climate change scenarios on salinity and crop evapotranspiration at Dacope and Amtali in Bangladesh and Gosaba in India. A key (and unsurprising) finding is that salt management is very important, particularly at the two drier sites, Dacope and Gosaba.

Assessing irrigated agriculture's surface water and groundwater consumption by combining satellite remote sensing and hydrologic modelling.

Globally, irrigation accounts for more than two thirds of freshwater demand. Recent regional and global assessments indicate that groundwater extraction (GWE) for irrigation has increased more rapidly than surface water extraction (SWE), potentially resulting in groundwater depletion. Irrigated agriculture in semi-arid and arid regions is usually from a combination of stored surface water and groundwater.

Computed tomography features associated with operative management for nonstrangulating small bowel obstruction.

Background: The management of nonstrangulating small bowel obstruction (SBO) may require surgery, but the need for and timing of surgical intervention isn't always apparent. We sought to determine whether specific features on computed tomography (CT) can predict the necessity for operative management.

Methods: Two radiologists independently reviewed CT scans from all patients admitted to hospital with SBO between 2004 and 2006.

Image-guided intervention in management of complications of portal hypertension: more than TIPS for success.

Management of clinically important sequelae of portal hypertension, such as variceal bleeding and ascites, may involve a combination of medical, endoscopic, surgical, and interventional approaches and procedures. Although clinically significant esophageal and rectal varices are typically visible endoscopically, ectopic varices may require multiplanar portal venous phase computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis. A detailed understanding of individual vascular anatomy, flow dynamics, and patient-related factors such as cardiac and hepatic status is necessary for appropriate treatment selection in patients with complicated portal hypertension.

Utility of MRI before and after uterine fibroid embolization: why to do it and what to look for.

The utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the selection, procedure planning, and follow-up of patients undergoing arterial embolization for uterine fibroids is reviewed. Advantages of MRI over ultrasound include multiplanar imaging capability, a larger field of view, increased spatial resolution, improved anatomic detail, and the ability to detect other pelvic disorders. MRI can assess fibroid viability by detecting contrast agent enhancement.

Repositioning of covered stents: the grip technique.

Introduction: Retrieval and repositioning of a stent deployed beyond its intended target region may be a difficult technical challenge.

Materials And Methods: A balloon-mounted snare technique, a variant of the coaxial loop snare technique, is described.

Results: The technique is described for the repositioning of a covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent and a covered biliary stent.

Displacement of the temporomandibular joint disk: correlation between clinical findings and MRI characteristics.

Background And Objective: Disk displacement frequently causes dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the TMJ is 95% accurate in the assessment of disk position and form. Various restorative procedures are used for treatment of disk displacement.

Can CT replace MRI in preoperative assessment of the circumferential resection margin in rectal cancer?

Unlabelled: The surgical circumferential resection margin in total mesorectal excision surgery is defined by the relationship of the tumor to the mesorectal fascia. Patients with anticipated tumor invasion of the mesorectal fascia receive neoadjuvant therapy to downstage/downsize the tumor and to obtain tumor-free resection margins.Tumor relationship to the mesorectal fascia is accurately determined by MRI.

Arterial embolization for primary postpartum hemorrhage.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of arterial embolization (AE) for treatment of primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and the factors associated with clinical success.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing AE for primary PPH at three institutions (N = 43) from 1996 through 2007 was conducted. Patients with an antepartum diagnosis of invasive placenta were excluded from the study.

Abdominal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: spectrum of imaging findings.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immune-mediated syndrome in which the immune response is to non-organ-specific antigens, and virtually every organ in the abdominal cavity may become involved. Only renal involvement forms part of the diagnostic criteria, however, a combination of typically nonspecific findings, including peritoneal surface, enteric, renal, renal tract, pancreatic, adrenal, hepatobiliary, and splenic manifestations, should be looked for in patients with known lupus or other connective tissue disease who are undergoing abdominal imaging and may suggest the diagnosis in patients presenting with an acute abdomen. Our work presents the spectrum of imaging findings of abdominal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Linguistic history of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: mirror of developing knowledge.

Background: the term posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was first proposed in 2000. Since then, the acronym PRES has become very popular in imaging and clinical literature as it is short, easy to say and remember, and neatly couples the frequent localization of neuroimaging findings along with the typical outcome of this syndrome. Another possible reason for the popularity of this acronym in clinical circles is the connotation of PRES with (elevated blood) PRESsure, as a majority of cases are believed to be associated with hypertension.

Hurthle cell neoplasms of the thyroid: sonographic appearance and histologic characteristics.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the sonographic features of Hürthle cell neoplasms (HCNs) of the thyroid.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the sonographic appearance of 15 histologically proven HCNs in 15 patients aged 16 to 70 years (mean age, 44 years). Sonographic features that were reviewed included the size and echogenicity of the tumors, the presence of cystic areas or calcifications, and detectable blood flow on color Doppler imaging.

Computed tomography angiography in abdominal aortic endoleaks: what is the optimal protocol?

Objective: To evaluate the roles of noncontrast and delayed phases of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for optimization of the CTA protocol in endoleak detection.

Methods: CTAs of patients who underwent abdominal aortic endovascular stent-graft placement were retrospectively reviewed. CTA comprised noncontrast, arterial, and delayed phase (2 minutes postcontrast).

Vascular complications of pancreatitis: imaging and intervention.

The objective of this study was to highlight technical challenges and potential pitfalls of diagnostic imaging, intervention, and postintervention follow-up of vascular complications of pancreatitis. Diagnostic and interventional radiology imaging from patients with pancreatitis from 2002 to 2006 was reviewed. We conclude that biphasic CT is the diagnostic modality of choice.