A fluoroscopic and laryngoscopic study of glossopharyngeal insufflation and exsufflation.

Glossopharyngeal breathing, frequently performed by elite breath-hold divers, relies on muscles of the mouth and pharynx to move air into (glossopharyngeal insufflation, GI) and out of the lungs (glossopharyngeal exsufflation, GE). GI has also been used by patients with weak respiratory muscles. Fluoroscopic and endoscopic examinations were performed on four divers (three of whom were world record holders) during both GI and GE maneuvers.