Tiny teeth in terrified tots - what is the global prevalence of paediatric dental fear and anxiety?

Aims: To establish the worldwide prevalence of paediatric dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and its associated components.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 observational studies found on three well known English language publication databases dating from 2000. 2895 studies were identified relating to paediatric dental fear, anxiety, or phobia.

The European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence (EPNOE) research roadmap 2040: Advanced strategies for exploiting the vast potential of polysaccharides as renewable bioresources.

Polysaccharides are among the most abundant bioresources on earth and consequently need to play a pivotal role when addressing existential scientific challenges like climate change and the shift from fossil-based to sustainable biobased materials. The Research Roadmap 2040 of the European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence (EPNOE) provides an expert's view on how future research and development strategies need to evolve to fully exploit the vast potential of polysaccharides as renewable bioresources. It is addressed to academic researchers, companies, as well as policymakers and covers five strategic areas that are of great importance in the context of polysaccharide related research: (I) Materials & Engineering, (II) Food & Nutrition, (III) Biomedical Applications, (IV) Chemistry, Biology & Physics, and (V) Skills & Education.

Clearing the smoke: are tobacco cessation interventions by the dental team successful?

Aims: This study aimed to assess the outcomes of tailored tobacco cessation interventions in a dental clinic setting over one year.

Design: This interventional study recruited 1206 tobacco users who attended a smoking cessation clinic within an Oral Medicine Department in Bangalore, India. Baseline characteristics were recorded followed by a tailored smoking cessation intervention, delivered by trained faculty members and students.

Mirror, mirror on the wall-is toothbrushing instruction via a three-dimensional motion-tracked system the fairest of them all?

Aims: To assess the efficacy of a smart toothbrush and mirror (STM) system which provided computer-assisted toothbrushing instruction versus conventional verbal toothbrushing instruction (TBI) amongst a group of 6-12-year-old children.

Design: This randomised controlled trial comprised South Korean school children who were randomly allocated to one of two arms - the STM (n = 21) or the conventional TBI arm (n = 21). The STM system used identical brushes as the TBI group, but with the brush employing three-dimensional motion tracking systems alongside a mirror with an inbuilt computer to guide the user.

Metriocnemus erythranthei sp. nov. and Limnophyes viribus sp. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae): leafminers of monkeyflowers, speedwells, and other herbaceous plants, with new observations on the ecology and habitats of other leaf-mining Chironomidae.

In this study, we describe Metriocnemus erythranthei sp. nov. and Limnophyes viribus sp.

Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of piezoelectrically actuated crystalline quartz-based MEMS resonators.

A novel technology for the precise fabrication of quartz resonators for MEMS applications is introduced. This approach is based on the laser-induced chemical etching of quartz. The main processing steps include femtosecond UV laser treatment of a Cr-Au-coated Z-cut alpha quartz wafer, followed by wet etching.

'Implanting' knowledge - how best to aid patient understanding and retention of information regarding peri-implantitis.

Aims The study primarily assessed the efficacy of different communication methods on patients' comprehension and recall of knowledge relating to peri-implantitis. Secondarily, the study assessed the effect of different communication methods on patients' beliefs in line with the health belief model.Design A prospective randomised controlled trialMethods Ninety-nine patients with a diagnosis of peri-implantitis were recruited over 25 months.

High-speed temporal and spatial beam-shaping combining active and passive elements.

Temporal and spatial shaping of laser beams is common in laser micromachining applications to improve quality and throughput. However, dynamic beam shaping (DBS) of ultrashort, high-power pulses at rates of hundreds of kHz has been challenging. Achieving this allows for full synchronization of the beam shape with high repetition rates, high-power lasers with zero delay time.

Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species.

We present novel rearing records of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from throughout the United States. We describe leaf mines or other larval habits for 27 species, plus five others whose identification is tentative, and another five that are identified only to genus due to the absence of male specimens. We review host and distribution data for the known species, reporting 26 new host species records (including the first rearing records for Phytomyza flexuosa Spencer, P.