Leptin receptor-expressing cells in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus contribute to enhanced CCK-induced satiety following central leptin injection.

Others have shown that leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) act synergistically to suppress food intake. Experiments described here tested whether leptin in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) contributes to the synergy with peripheral CCK in male Sprague Dawley rats. A subthreshold injection of 50-ng leptin into the VMH 1 h before a peripheral injection of 1 µg/kg CCK did not change the response to CCK in rats offered chow or low-fat purified diet, but did exaggerate the reduction in intake of high-fat diet 30 min and 1 h after injection in rats that had been food deprived for 8 h.

Effect of intraoperative methadone vs other opioids on postoperative outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

Recent randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy between intraoperative methadone and other opioids on postoperative outcomes have been limited by their small sample sizes and conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials which investigated outcomes between methadone and an opioid control group. Primary outcome data included postoperative opioid consumption, number of patients who received postoperative opioids, time to first analgesic, and pain scores.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in sera from children 3 to 11 years of age participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.

Several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been measured in U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants 12 years of age and older since 1999-2000, but PFAS data using NHANES individual samples among children younger than 12 years do not exist.