Trends and racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Northern California: 1996-2014.

Background: Despite concern for adverse perinatal outcomes in women with diabetes mellitus before pregnancy, recent data on the prevalence of pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States are lacking.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate changes in the prevalence of overall pregestational diabetes mellitus (all types) and pregestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to estimate whether changes varied by race-ethnicity from 1996-2014.

Study Design: We conducted a cohort study among 655,428 pregnancies at a Northern California integrated health delivery system from 1996-2014.

Early Screening and Treatment of Women with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine whether women with prediabetes benefit from early treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Study Design: Women with a glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (A1C) of 5.7 to 6.

The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: new paradigms or status quo?

The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study showed significant perinatal risks at levels of maternal hyperglycemia below values that are diagnostic for diabetes. A Consensus Panel of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) reviewed HAPO Study results and other work that examined associations of maternal glycemia with perinatal and long-term outcomes in offspring and published recommendations for diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy in 2010. Subsequently, some commentaries and debate challenged the IADPSG recommendations.

Preconception care for women with diabetes and prevention of major congenital malformations.

This article provides an overview of the rationale for diabetes preconception care interventions for women with diabetes and the efficacy in reducing the excess occurrence of major congenital malformations. The problems with broad use of individualized preconception care are considered. In addition, suggestions are made for the implementation of more comprehensive interventions in the community and usual diabetes care settings, to address the multiple ongoing challenges in the prevention of structural anomalies associated with preexisting diabetes.