The Effects of Beetroot Juice on VOmax and Blood Pressure during Submaximal Exercise.

Beetroot juice (BR) has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) at rest and improve several performance parameters during exercise. However, the effect of BR on BP during submaximal exercise has not been investigated and its effects on VOmax are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BR on VOmax and BP during submaximal exercise.

Retrieval practice and judgements of learning enhance transfer of physiology information.

It is well-documented that retrieval practice enhances the recall of simple and complex information (Karpicke and Aue in Educ Psychol Rev 27(2):317-326, 2015). Evidence is also accumulating that retrieval practice can enhance other cognitive processes such as the ability to critically evaluate research articles (Dobson et al. in Med Educ 52(5):513-525, 2018) and transfer of learning (Butler in J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 36(5):1118, 2010).

Sport-related concussion induces transient cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.

Recent evidence suggests that concussions may disrupt autonomic cardiovascular control. This study investigated the initial effects of concussion on cardiovascular function using three autonomic reflex tests. Twenty-three recreational athletes (12 women, 11 men) were divided into concussed ( = 12) and control ( = 11) groups.

Distributed retrieval practice promotes superior recall of anatomy information.

Effortful retrieval produces greater long-term recall of information when compared to studying (i.e., reading), as do learning sessions that are distributed (i.

Identifying Dosage Effect of Light-Emitting Diode Therapy on Muscular Fatigue in Quadriceps.

Hemmings, TJ, Kendall, KL, and Dobson, JL. Identifying dosage effect of light-emitting diode therapy on muscular fatigue in quadriceps. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 395-402, 2017-The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various dosages of light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on muscle fatigue while performing a single-leg extension to exhaustion.

Self-testing produces superior recall of both familiar and unfamiliar muscle information.

Dozens of studies have found learning strategies based on the "testing effect" promote greater recall than those that rely solely on reading; however, the advantages of testing are often only observed after a delay (e.g., 2-7 days later).

The effect of selected "desirable difficulties" on the ability to recall anatomy information.

"Desirable difficulties" is a theory from cognitive science used to promote learning in a variety of contexts. The basic premise is that creating a cognitively challenging environment at the learning acquisition phase, by actively engaging learners in the retrieval of to-be-learned materials, promotes long-term retention. In this study, the degree of desirable difficulties was varied to identify how cognitively challenging the learning acquisition phase must be to benefit university-level students' learning of anatomy concepts.

Self-testing promotes superior retention of anatomy and physiology information.

The testing effect shows that learning is enhanced by the act of recalling information after exposure. Although the testing effect is among the most robust findings in cognitive science, much of its empirical support is from laboratory studies and it has been applied as a strategy for enhancing learning in the classroom in a limited fashion. The purpose of this investigation was to replicate the testing effect in a university anatomy and physiology course and to extend the applicability of it to independent student study.

Benefits of exercise intervention in reducing neuropathic pain.

Peripheral neuropathy is a widespread and potentially incapacitating pathological condition that encompasses more than 100 different forms and manifestations of nerve damage. The diverse pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy affects autonomic, motor and/or sensory neurons, and the symptoms that typify the condition are abnormal cutaneous sensation, muscle dysfunction and, most notably, chronic pain. Chronic neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and is often characterized by either exaggerated responses to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia) or pain resulting from stimuli that would not normally provoke pain (allodynia).

Retrieval practice is an efficient method of enhancing the retention of anatomy and physiology information.

Although a great deal of empirical evidence has indicated that retrieval practice is an effective means of promoting learning and memory, very few studies have investigated the strategy in the context of an actual class. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a series of very brief retrieval quizzes could significantly improve the retention of previously tested information throughout an anatomy and physiology course. A second purpose was to determine if there were any significant differences between expanding and uniform patterns of retrieval that followed a standardized initial retrieval delay.

Effect of uniform versus expanding retrieval practice on the recall of physiology information.

The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of selected physiology concepts throughout 30 days of two different uniform schedules of retrieval and two different expanding schedules of retrieval. Participants (n = 250) first read and reread 30 immunology and reproductive physiology concepts and were then repeatedly assessed, without feedback, according to one of the following four randomly assigned schedules: 1) immediately after learning and again 9 and 19 days later [uniform (days 1, 10, and 20)]; 2) 7, 14, and 21 days after learning [uniform (days 8, 15, and 22)]; 3) immediately after learning and again 5 and 15 days later [expanding (days 1, 6, and 16)]; and 4) 1, 6, and 16 days after learning [expanding (days 2, 7, and 17)]. All participants completed a final assessment 29 days after learning the physiology concepts.

Effect of selected "desirable difficulty" learning strategies on the retention of physiology information.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interleaving and expanding retrieval on the retention of physiology concepts. Participants (n = 189) read and then reread 30 immunology and reproductive physiology passages. Half of the participants read and then reread the passages in a blocked manner (e.

A comparison between learning style preferences and sex, status, and course performance.

Students have learning style preferences that are often classified according to their visual (V), aural (A), read-write (R), and/or kinesthetic (K) sensory modality preferences (SMP). The purposes of this investigation were to compare student perceived and assessed SMPs and examine the associations between those SMPs and status (i.e.

Faster O₂ uptake kinetics in canine skeletal muscle in situ after acute creatine kinase inhibition.

Creatine kinase (CK) plays a key role both in energy provision and in signal transduction for the increase in skeletal muscle O2 uptake () at exercise onset. The effects of acute CK inhibition by iodoacetamide (IA; 5 mm) on kinetics were studied in isolated canine gastrocnemius muscles in situ (n = 6) during transitions from rest to 3 min of electrically stimulated contractions eliciting ∼70% of muscle peak , and were compared to control (Ctrl) conditions. In both IA and Ctrl muscles were pump-perfused with constantly elevated blood flows.

Evaluation of the Virtual Physiology of Exercise Laboratory program.

The Virtual Physiology of Exercise Laboratory (VPEL) program was created to simulate the test design, data collection, and analysis phases of selected exercise physiology laboratories. The VPEL program consists of four modules: 1) cardiovascular, 2) maximal O(2) consumption (Vo(2max)), 3) lactate and ventilatory thresholds, and 4) respiratory exchange ratio. The purpose of this investigation was to compare student learning from the VPEL program with that from traditional "hands-on" exercise physiology laboratory activities.

Learning style preferences and course performance in an undergraduate physiology class.

Learning styles may be classified according to the sensory modality that one most prefers to use when internalizing information. The four major sensory modalities are visual, aural or auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preferred learning style, gender, and course scores in an undergraduate physiology class.

The use of formative online quizzes to enhance class preparation and scores on summative exams.

Online quizzes were introduced into an undergraduate Exercise Physiology course to encourage students to read ahead and think critically about the course material before coming to class. The purpose of the study was to determine if the use of the online quizzes was associated with improvements in summative exam scores and if the online quizzes were valid predictors of summative exam performance. A retrospective analysis was performed on the course scores from three different groups of Exercise Physiology students.

Effect of rhythmic tetanic skeletal muscle contractions on peak muscle perfusion.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of rhythmic tetanic skeletal muscle contractions on peak muscle perfusion by using spontaneously perfused canine gastrocnemii in situ. Simultaneous pulsatile blood pressures were measured by means of transducers placed in the popliteal artery and vein, and pulsatile flow was measured with a flow-through-type transit-time ultrasound probe placed in the venous return line. Two series of experiments were performed.