A roadmap for improving data quality through standards for collaborative intelligence in human-robot applications.

Collaborative intelligence (CI) involves human-machine interactions and is deemed safety-critical because their reliable interactions are crucial in preventing severe injuries and environmental damage. As these applications become increasingly data-driven, the reliability of CI applications depends on the quality of data, shaping the system's ability to interpret and respond in diverse and often unpredictable environments. In this regard, it is important to adhere to data quality standards and guidelines, thus facilitating the advancement of these collaborative systems in industry.

Agent based modelling of blood borne viruses: a scoping review.

Background: The models that historically have been used to model infectious disease outbreaks are equation-based and statistical models. However, these models do not capture the impact of individual and social factors that affect the spread of common blood-borne viruses (BBVs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Agent-based modelling (ABM) is an alternative modelling approach that is gaining popularity in public health and epidemiology.

Delivery room dextrose gel for preterm hypoglycaemia (the GEHPPI study): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: Early hypoglycaemia at the time of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission is common in very/extreme preterm infants. This study aimed to determine whether buccal dextrose gel in the delivery room (DR) would improve rates of early hypoglycaemia in this population.

Design: Randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Assessing the relative importance of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular health.

Previous research has suggested a potential link between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and adverse cardiovascular health outcomes, although the findings have been inconsistent. This study investigates the association between VD deficiency and cardiovascular disease (CVD) within the context of established CVD risk factors. We utilized a Random Forest model to predict both CVD and VD deficiency risks, using a dataset of 1,078 observations from a rural Chinese population.

A framework for measuring the training efficiency of a neural architecture.

Measuring Efficiency in neural network system development is an open research problem. This paper presents an experimental framework to measure the training efficiency of a neural architecture. To demonstrate our approach, we analyze the training efficiency of Convolutional Neural Networks and Bayesian equivalents on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 tasks.

Multi-task learning for predicting quality-of-life and independence in activities of daily living after stroke: a proof-of-concept study.

A health-related (HR) profile is a set of multiple health-related items recording the status of the patient at different follow-up times post-stroke. In order to support clinicians in designing rehabilitation treatment programs, we propose a novel multi-task learning (MTL) strategy for predicting post-stroke patient HR profiles. The HR profile in this study is measured by the Barthel index (BI) assessment or by the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire.

Gender and sex hormone effects on neonatal innate immune function.

Objectives: Scientific evidence provides a widened view of differences in immune response between male and female neonates. The X-chromosome codes for several genes important in the innate immune response and neonatal innate immune cells express receptors for, and are inhibited by, maternal sex hormones. We hypothesized that sex differences in innate immune responses may be present in the neonatal population which may contribute to the increased susceptibility of premature males to sepsis.

Predictors of social risk for post-ischemic stroke reintegration.

After stroke rehabilitation, patients need to reintegrate back into their daily life, workplace and society. Reintegration involves complex processes depending on age, sex, stroke severity, cognitive, physical, as well as socioeconomic factors that impact long-term outcomes post-stroke. Moreover, post-stroke quality of life can be impacted by social risks of inadequate family, social, economic, housing and other supports needed by the patients.

Current Topics in Technology-Enabled Stroke Rehabilitation and Reintegration: A Scoping Review and Content Analysis.

Background: There is a worldwide health crisis stemming from the rising incidence of various debilitating chronic diseases, with stroke as a leading contributor. Chronic stroke management encompasses rehabilitation and reintegration, and can require decades of personalized medicine and care. Information technology (IT) tools have the potential to support individuals managing chronic stroke symptoms.

Long-term trajectories of community integration: identification, characterization, and prediction using inpatient rehabilitation variables.

Background: Community integration (CI) is often regarded as the foundation of rehabilitation endeavors after stroke; nevertheless, few studies have investigated the relationship between inpatient rehabilitation (clinical and demographic) variables and long-term CI.

Objectives: To identify novel classes of patients having similar temporal patterns in CI and relate them to baseline features.

Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study analyzing ( = 287) adult patients with stroke admitted to rehabilitation between 2003 and 2018, including baseline Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at discharge, follow-ups ( = 1264) of Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) between 2006 and 2022.

Delivery room glucose to reduce the risk of admission hypoglycemia in preterm infants: a systematic literature review.

Aims: In order to mitigate early hypoglycemia in preterm infants, some clinicians have recently explored interventions such as delivery room commencement of dextrose infusions or delivery room administration of buccal dextrose gel. This review aimed to systematically investigate the literature regarding the provision of delivery room (prior to admission) parenteral glucose as a method to reduce the risk of initial hypoglycemia (measured at the time of NICU admission blood testing) in preterm infants.

Materials And Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines a literature search (May 2022) was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, and Prospero databases.

Determining the Proportionality of Ischemic Stroke Risk Factors to Age.

While age is an important risk factor, there are some disadvantages to including it in a stroke risk model: age can dominate the risk score and lead to over- or under-predictions in some age groups. There is evidence to suggest that some of these disadvantages are due to the non-proportionality of other risk factors with age, e.g.

A review of risk concepts and models for predicting the risk of primary stroke.

Predicting an individual's risk of primary stroke is an important tool that can help to lower the burden of stroke for both the individual and society. There are a number of risk models and risk scores in existence but no review or classification designed to help the reader better understand how models differ and the reasoning behind these differences. In this paper we review the existing literature on primary stroke risk prediction models.

Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Delirium in Elective Spine Deformity Surgeries: A National Database Study.

Introduction Generalized anxiety disorder has become one of the most prevalent mental health disorders in the United States. In addition, postoperative delirium has been shown to increase hospital stay, increase mortality, and increased healthcare costs. Few studies have looked at the prevalence of postoperative delirium in patients diagnosed with anxiety undergoing elective spinal deformity procedures.

Understanding and Predicting Cognitive Improvement of Young Adults in Ischemic Stroke Rehabilitation Therapy.

Accurate early predictions of a patient's likely cognitive improvement as a result of a stroke rehabilitation programme can assist clinicians in assembling more effective therapeutic programs. In addition, sufficient levels of explainability, which can justify these predictions, are a crucial requirement, as reported by clinicians. This article presents a machine learning (ML) prediction model targeting cognitive improvement after therapy for stroke surviving patients.

The association between ambient UVB dose and ANCA-associated vasculitis relapse and onset.

Background: The aetiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and triggers of relapse are poorly understood. Vitamin D (vitD) is an important immunomodulator, potentially responsible for the observed latitudinal differences between granulomatous and non-granulomatous AAV phenotypes. A narrow ultraviolet B spectrum induces vitD synthesis (vitD-UVB) via the skin.

Shapley Idioms: Analysing BERT Sentence Embeddings for General Idiom Token Identification.

This article examines the basis of Natural Language Understanding of transformer based language models, such as BERT. It does this through a case study on idiom token classification. We use idiom token identification as a basis for our analysis because of the variety of information types that have previously been explored in the literature for this task, including: topic, lexical, and syntactic features.

Age Specific Models to Capture the Change in Risk Factor Contribution by Age to Short Term Primary Ischemic Stroke Risk.

Age is one of the most important risk factors when it comes to stroke risk prediction. However, including age as a risk factor in a stroke prediction model can give rise to a number of difficulties. Age often dominates the risk score, and also not all risk factors contribute proportionally to stroke risk by age.

Long-term trajectories of motor functional independence after ischemic stroke in young adults: Identification and characterization using inpatient baseline assessments.

Background: Stroke is a major worldwide cause of serious long-term disability. Most previous studies addressing functional independence included only inpatients with limited follow-up.

Objective: To identify novel classes of patients having similar temporal patterns in motor functional independence and relate them to baseline clinical features.

Toward Personalized Web-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation for Patients With Ischemic Stroke: Elo Rating Approach.

Background: Stroke is a worldwide cause of disability; 40% of stroke survivors sustain cognitive impairments, most of them following inpatient rehabilitation at specialized clinical centers. Web-based cognitive rehabilitation tasks are extensively used in clinical settings. The impact of task execution depends on the ratio between the skills of the treated patient and the challenges imposed by the task itself.

Arachnoiditis Ossificans in the Thoracic Spine With Associated Cyst and Syringomyelia: A Rare, Intraoperative Finding Complicating Dural Opening.

Arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) is a rare spinal pathology that develops because of bony metaplasia secondary to chronic inflammation. AO may present with debilitating myelopathy secondary to nerve root compression, making it distinct from spinal calcification commonly seen with aging. AO is extremely rare, having been reported less than 100 times, most commonly in the thoracic spine.

Self-expanding covered stent placement to treat a pseudoaneurysm caused by iatrogenic vertebral artery injury.

Vertebral artery injuries account for approximately 19% of cerebral vascular injuries and are typically managed conservatively. However, some patients require operative intervention to gain control of an active hemorrhage, either via surgical ligation or endovascular intervention. We present a case of iatrogenic vertebral artery injury occurring during cervical spine surgery which was treated emergently with a self-expanding covered stent.