Feasibility of Artificial Intelligence Powered Adverse Event Analysis: Using a Large Language Model to Analyze Microwave Ablation Malfunction Data.

Determine if a large language model (LLM, GPT-4) can label and consolidate and analyze interventional radiology (IR) microwave ablation device safety event data into meaningful summaries similar to humans. Microwave ablation safety data from January 1, 2011 to October 31, 2023 were collected and type of failure was categorized by human readers. Using GPT-4 and iterative prompt development, the data were classified.

Rules for Interventional Radiology.

During the hands-on teaching of Interventional Radiology (IR) to Residents and Fellows, certain learning tips or guiding statements are often repeated. Over the past two decades, these tips have evolved into the "Rules for Interventional Radiology." Relying on humour and the technical and foundational principles of our subspeciality, it is hoped that these Rules for IR provide helpful guidance to learners and practising Interventionalists in their daily work.

Safety of High-Dose 3% Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate for Sclerotherapy of Renal Cysts in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

This study assessed the safety profile of high-volume (>10 mL) 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) sclerotherapy for the treatment of renal cysts in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A total of 211 sclerotherapy treatments were performed in 169 patients over a 5-year period, with a comparison of 2 patient cohorts based on the STS volumes used. The first cohort (n = 112) received a high volume (greater than 10 mL) of STS, and the second cohort (n = 57) received a low volume (less than 10 mL).

Uterine Artery Embolization for Pedunculated Subserosal Fibroids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive overview of the literature assessing the safety and efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for patients with pedunculated subserosal fibroids.

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched without language or publication type restrictions for observational studies to estimate safety (adverse events) and efficacy (devascularization, fibroid volume reduction, and uterine volume reduction) outcomes. Case reports were included to qualitatively report adverse events.

Selective fetal reduction in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies: A comparison of techniques.

Objective: To compare perinatal outcomes associated with three methods of selective reduction in complicated monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies: bipolar cord coagulation (BC), fetoscopic or ultrasound guided laser cord occlusion and radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of complicated MC twin pregnancies undergoing selective fetal reduction at a tertiary fetal center over a 20-year period. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared.

Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Radiology Services: A Canadian Perspective.

Purpose: The aim of this national survey was to assess the overall impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the provision of interventional radiology (IR) services in Canada.

Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was distributed via national and regional radiology societies, exploring (1) center information and staffing, (2) acute and on-call IR services, (3) elective IR services, (4) IR clinics, (5) multidisciplinary rounds, (6) IR training, (7) personal protection equipment (PPE), and departmental logistics.

Results: Individual responses were received from 142 interventional radiologists across Canada (estimated 70% response rate).

Small Renal Mass Surveillance: Histology-specific Growth Rates in a Biopsy-characterized Cohort.

Background: Most reports of active surveillance (AS) of small renal masses (SRMs) lack biopsy confirmation, and therefore include benign tumors and different subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Objective: We compared the growth rates and progression of different histologic subtypes of RCC SRMs (SRM) in the largest cohort of patients with biopsy-characterized SRMs on AS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data from patients in a multicenter Canadian trial and a Princess Margaret cohort were combined to include 136 biopsy-proven SRM lesions managed by AS, with treatment deferred until progression or patient/surgeon decision.

Psychological distress associated with active surveillance in patients younger than 70 with a small renal mass.

Purpose: To compare the psychological distress throughout several predefined disease time points in patients younger than 70 with small renal masses (SRMs) treated with either active surveillance (AS) or ablative/surgical therapy.

Methods: Using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System - revised (ESAS-r) questionnaire, we focused on psychological distress symptoms in all consecutive patients with an SRM between 2014 and 2017. We further evaluated the psychological distress sub-score (PDSS) of ESAS-r, consisting of the sum scores of anxiety, depression, and well-being.

Accuracy of renal tumour biopsy for the diagnosis and subtyping of papillary renal cell carcinoma: analysis of paired biopsy and nephrectomy specimens with focus on discordant cases.

Aims: Renal tumour biopsy (RTB) is increasingly recognised as a useful diagnostic tool in the management of small renal masses, particularly those that are incidentally found. Intratumoural heterogeneity with respect to morphology, grade and molecular features represents a frequently identified limitation to the use of RTB. While previous studies have evaluated pathological correlation between RTB and nephrectomy, no studies to date have focused specifically on the role of RTB for the diagnosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and its further subclassification into clinically relevant subtypes.

Outcomes of radiofrequency ablation as first-line therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma less than 3 cm in potentially transplantable patients.

Background & Aims: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤3 cm. Disease recurrence is common, and in some patients will occur outside transplant criteria. We aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors for recurrence beyond Milan criteria in potentially transplantable patients treated with RFA as first-line therapy.

Clinical IR in Canada: The Evolution of a Revolution.

Purpose: To investigate the current status and evolution of both the interventional radiologist's role as a clinician and the practice of interventional radiology (IR) over the past decade in Canada.

Materials And Methods: In 2015, an online survey was e-mailed to 210 interventional radiologists, including all Canadian active members of the Canadian Interventional Radiology Association (CIRA) and nonmembers who attended CIRA's annual meeting. Comparisons were made between interventional radiologists in academic versus community practice.

Retrospective Single-Arm Cohort Study of Patients with Hepatocellular Adenomas Treated with Percutaneous Thermal Ablation.

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous thermal ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular adenomas.

Materials And Methods: This is an ethics board-approved, single-arm, retrospective, cohort study of patients with pathologically proven hepatocellular adenomas treated with percutaneous thermal ablation at a tertiary referral center from 1999 to 2016. Demographic, procedural, and outcome data were collected and summarized with appropriate measures of central tendency and dispersion.

Liver Transplantation is Equally Effective as a Salvage Therapy for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence Following Radiofrequency Ablation or Liver Resection with Curative Intent.

Background: Liver resection (LR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are curative-intent therapies for early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). If HCC recurs, salvage liver transplant (SLT) may constitute a treatment option.

Objective: We aimed to compare the outcomes of patients transplanted for recurrent HCC after curative-intent therapies with those transplanted as initial therapy.

Radiofrequency Ablation of T1a Renal Cell Carcinomas within Renal Transplant Allografts: Oncologic Outcomes and Graft Viability.

Purpose: To evaluate oncologic outcomes and graft viability after percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) developing within renal transplant allografts.

Materials And Methods: A single-institution, retrospective study reviewed all patients treated with RF ablation for RCC between February 2004 and May 2016. Ten patients were identified (age 49.

Thermal Ablation versus Surgical Resection for the Treatment of Stage T1 Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Population.

Purpose: To compare survival outcomes of small solitary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) treated with thermal ablation vs resection in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cohort.

Materials And Methods: SEER data (November 2014 submission) were searched for histologic diagnoses of HCC and stage T1 disease (≤ 5-cm solitary tumor without vascular invasion). Comparison was made between thermal ablation and resection as the primary treatment.

Obstetric and Anaesthesia Checklists for the Management of Morbidly Adherent Placenta.

Objective: To develop an integrated checklist for the management of patients with suspected morbidly adherent placenta (MAP).

Methods: A checklist process was developed incrementally by clinicians in the disciplines of maternal-fetal medicine, gynaecology, medical imaging, and anaesthesia for management of women with suspected MAP.

Results: Over a five-year period of debriefing after individual cases, a comprehensive checklist system was developed.

Hematologic Parameters to Predict Small Renal Mass Biopsy Pathology.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLRs) are associated with the presence of various malignancies. The present study evaluated various hematologic parameters and their association with renal tumor biopsy pathology.

Materials And Methods: The clinical, hematologic, and pathologic parameters were obtained through a retrospective review of 475 diagnostic biopsy specimens of small renal masses from January 2001 to December 2013.

Randomized Trial Comparing Radiologic Pigtail Gastrostomy and Peroral Image-Guided Gastrostomy: Intra- and Postprocedural Pain, Radiation Exposure, Complications, and Quality of Life.

Purpose: To prospectively compare radiologically created pigtail gastrostomy (PG), in which the tube is inserted directly through the abdominal wall, versus peroral image-guided gastrostomy (POG), in which the tube is inserted through the mouth. Pain profiles (primary outcome measure), fluoroscopy times, total room times, technical success, complications, and quality of life (QOL) were measured.

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients were prospectively randomized to receive 14-F PG or 20-F POG tubes.

Renal Tumor Biopsy for Small Renal Masses: A Single-center 13-year Experience.

Background: Renal tumor biopsy (RTB) for the characterization of small renal masses (SRMs) has not been widely adopted despite reported safety and accuracy. Without pretreatment biopsy, patients with benign tumors are frequently overtreated.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic rate of RTBs, to determine their concordance with surgical pathology, and to assess their impact on management.

Conservative Management of Invasive Placenta Using Combined Prophylactic Internal Iliac Artery Balloon Occlusion and Immediate Postoperative Uterine Artery Embolization.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined prophylactic intraoperative internal iliac artery balloon occlusion and postoperative uterine artery embolization in the conservative management (uterine preservation) of women with invasive placenta undergoing scheduled caesarean delivery.

Methods: Ten women (mean age 35 years) with invasive placenta choosing caesarean delivery without hysterectomy had preoperative insertion of internal iliac artery occlusion balloons, intraoperative inflation of the balloons, and immediate postoperative uterine artery embolization with absorbable gelatin sponge. A retrospective review was performed with institutional review board approval.

Efficacy of Ovarian Artery Embolization for Uterine Fibroids: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluations.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of ovarian artery embolization (OAE) treatment for symptomatic uterine leiomyomas.

Methods: A retrospective review of 17 patients who underwent OAE in conjunction with uterine artery embolization in a 6-year period (2006-2012) was performed. Ten patients had previous failed embolization, while 7 had not received any embolization therapy before.