Gender roles and constraints in enhancing hybrid chicken production for food security in lower Eastern Kenya.

The adoption of hybrid chicken production as a source of income and food security among smallholder farmers has recently taken significant global attention. However, the effect of adoption of hybrid chicken across different genders on household food expenditure and food security remains unknown. This study employed propensity score matching (PSM) and endogenous switching regression (ESR) models to analyze the effect of adoption of hybrid chicken on smallholder households' consumption expenditure and food security in Machakos County.