Maleic acid and fumaric acid, the Z and E isomers of butenedioic acid, form 1:1 adducts with 2-amino-1,3-thiazole, namely 2-amino-1,3-thiazolium hydrogen maleate (2ATHM), C(3)H(5)N(2)S(+) x C(4)H(3)O(4)(-), and 2-amino-1,3-thiazolium hydrogen fumarate (2ATHF), C(3)H(5)N(2)S(+) x C(4)H(3)O(4)(-), respectively. In both compounds, protonation of the ring N atom of the 2-amino-1,3-thiazole and deprotonation of one of the carboxyl groups are observed. The asymmetric unit of 2ATHF contains three independent ion pairs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the title salt, C(5)H(7)N(2) (+)·C(4)H(5)O(4) (-), the asymmetric unit comprises an amino-pyridinium cation and a hydrogen succinate anion as protonation of the aromatic N atom of the 4-amino-pyridine mol-ecule has occurred. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds that lead to a two-dimensional array. Short C-H⋯O contacts are also present.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online
March 2009
In the title compound, 2C(5)H(7)N(2) (+)·2C(2)HO(4) (-)·H(2)O, the asymmetric unit consists of an amino-pyridinium cation, an oxalic actetate anion and a half-molecule of water, which lies on a two-fold rotation axis. The crystal packing is consolidated by inter-molecular O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The mol-ecules are linked into an infinite one dimensional chain along [010].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online
March 2009
In the title compound, 2C(3)H(5)N(2)S(+)·C(4)H(4)O(4) (2-)·C(4)H(6)O(4), the thia-zolium ring is almost planar, with the maximum deviation from planarity being 0.0056 (8) Å for the C atom carrying the amine substituent. The N atom of the 2-amino-thia-zole mol-ecule is protonated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ag(C(5)H(6)N(2))(2)]NO(3), consists of one and a half each of both cations and anions, the other halves being generated by crystallographic inversion centres. One of the Ag(I) atoms lies on an inversion center and one of the nitrate ions is disordered across an inversion center. Each Ag(I) atom is bicoordinated in a linear geometry by two N atoms from two 2-amino-pyridine ligands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online
May 2008
In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C(2)H(3)O(3))Cl(H(2)O)](n), the Cu(II) ion is five-coordinate in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. Two O atoms from a chelating glycolate anion, an O atom from a coordinated water mol-ecule and a chloride anion comprise the basal plane. A chloride ion from a neighbouring unit occupies the apical position and these Cu-Cl-Cu bridges link the aqua-glycolatocopper(II) units into one-dimensional chains along the [001] direction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effect of mifepristone on the expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in the endometrium of women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) was investigated in this randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The study showed that the administration of DMPA led to a substantial inhibition of endometrial SLPI protein and mRNA, and that the addition of mifepristone to DMPA-exposed endometrium partially restored the expression of glandular SLPI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the molecular mechanism of mifepristone controlling breakthrough bleeding (BTB) in new depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users.
Method: A total of 50 regularly cycling women who were new starters of DMPA were randomized to receive 50 mg of mifepristone or placebo once every 14 days for six cycles. Endometrial biopsies were obtained on each patient before, during and after treatment.
Introduction: The study was conducted to assess the impact of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate subcutaneous injection 104 mg/0.65 mL (DMPA-SC 104) on body weight.
Methods: Changes in weight from pretreatment were analyzed using data from two 1-year, noncomparative trials of DMPA-SC 104 (North/South American, N=722; European/Asian, N=1065) and a 3-year, randomized study (SC/IM) comparing DMPA-SC 104 (N=266) with the DMPA intramuscular injection 150 mg/mL (DMPA-IM 150).
Objective: To evaluate the safety and acceptability of a novel dosing regimen of methotrexate to treat ectopic pregnancy.
Design: Prospective study.
Setting: Three academic medical centers.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of mifepristone on the expression of endometrial steroid receptors and their co-factors in depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users.
Design: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Setting: Reproductive research center.
Objective: To review historical and contemporary advances in oocyte-cryopreservation techniques and outcomes.
Design: Publications related to oocyte cryopreservation were identified through MEDLINE and other bibliographic databases.
Conclusion(s): Oocyte cryopreservation can be used as an adjunct to conventional IVF and as an option for fertile women to electively cryopreserve their gametes.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the contraceptive patch and an oral contraceptive (OC) on serum concentrations of estrogen-sensitive hepatic proteins, ethinyl estradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG).
Methods: Twenty-four women were randomized to receive three cycles of a contraceptive patch that delivers EE 20 microg/day and norelgestromin 150 microg/day or an OC that contains EE 35 microg and norgestimate 250 microg. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of Cycle 3.
Objective: This study aims to assess changes in bleeding patterns with the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 104 mg/0.65 ml subcutaneous injection (DMPA-SC 104).
Study Design: An analysis was conducted using data from two 1-year, noncomparative clinical trials (N=1787) and a 2-year randomized study comparing DMPA-SC 104 (N=266) with DMPA intramuscular injection (DMPA-IM).
Background: Mifepristone has been demonstrated to decrease breakthrough bleeding (BTB) in users of progestin-only contraceptives.
Methods: Endometrial biopsies were collected from 50 normal cycling women who were new users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) randomized to receive either mifepristone or placebo before, during and after treatment. Proliferation, apoptosis and sex steroid receptors were evaluated by either immunohistochemistry or TUNEL assay.
Objective: To determine the mechanism by which mifepristone improves breakthrough bleeding, the effects of mifepristone on proliferation and apoptosis of Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cells were evaluated in the presence and absence of progestin.
Design: Prospective basic research study.
Setting: Research laboratories for reproductive health at a university medical school.
Am J Obstet Gynecol
June 2005
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare biochemical androgen profiles in women treated with the contraceptive patch versus an oral contraceptive (OC).
Study Design: Twenty-four healthy women were randomly assigned to receive 3 cycles of either the contraceptive patch (ethinyl estradiol [EE] 20 microg/d and norelgestromin 150 microg/d) or OC (EE 35 mug and norgestimate 250 microg). Blood samples were taken at baseline and end of treatment.
Contraceptive microbicides formulated as vaginal gels offer the possibility of women-controlled contraception and prevention of HIV infection. The effects of these gels on the upper reproductive tract are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonoxynol-9 (N-9) induces apoptosis in human endometrium using endometrial explant as a model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContraceptive microbicides formulated as vaginal gels offer the possibility of women-controlled contraception and prevention of HIV infection. However, the effects of these gels on the upper reproductive tract is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on human endometrium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A new progestin-only, nondaily depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) SC injectable contraceptive suspension (104 mg/0.65 mL) has been developed. Clinical trials (including dose-ranging, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, and contraceptive efficacy studies) indicating the effectiveness of this new formulation were conducted primarily in white women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Assist Reprod Genet
April 2004
Purpose: To compare the incidence of monozygotic twins following blastocyst versus day-3 embryo transfer (ET).
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles utilizing blastocyst ET during 1999-2000 was compared to a similar group of patients undergoing day-3 ET during 1997-1998.
Results: Blastocyst ET was used in 75 cycles with 2.
Depo-Provera is a highly effective contraceptive, given intramuscularly (150 mg/mL) once every 3 months. It has been in use in the United States for over 10 years. A new lower-dose formulation of Depo-Provera (104 mg/0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDepo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is an effective injectable contraceptive with worldwide availability. However, it is associated with a high incidence of breakthrough bleeding (BTB) during the first 6 months of use which often leads to discontinuation. Mifepristone is a progesterone receptor antagonist that has been demonstrated to decrease BTB caused by the levonorgestrel subdermal implant (Norplant).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To compare treatment-associated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) response in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with either microdose flare (MDF) leuprolide acetate or clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (CC/hMG).
Methods: Thirteen patients who were deemed poor responders underwent stimulation with one of two poor responder stimulation protocols (MDF group: n = 8; CC/hMG group: n = 5). Serum FSH, estrone (E1), estrone sulfate (E1S), and estradiol (E2) levels were measured at baseline, day 5 of medication, and on day of hCG administration.
Context: As a result of oocyte donation, women in their sixth decade of life are now able to conceive and carry pregnancies to term. However, little is known about pregnancy outcomes in this population.
Objective: To describe pregnancy outcomes in women aged 50 years or older who conceived after in vitro fertilization with donor oocytes.