Copper oxide wire particles effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in adult alpacas during a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To determine whether copper oxide wire particles (COWP) administered as an oral bolus effectively decrease fecal gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) egg counts in adult alpacas.

Animals: 57 adult alpacas.

Procedures: A double-blind clinical trial was performed during the months of April through August 2019.

Emergency Subglottic Airway Training and Assessment of Skills Retention of Attending Anesthesiologists With Simulation Mastery-Based Learning.

Background: Although included within the American Society of Anesthesiologists difficult airway algorithm, the use of "invasive airway access" is rarely needed clinically. In conjunction with highly associated morbidity and liability risks, it is a challenge for the average anesthesiologist to develop and maintain competency. The advancement of high-fidelity simulators allows for practice of rarely encountered clinical scenarios, specifically those requiring invasive subglottic airway techniques.

Rapid Discovery and Detection of through the Use of Passive Surveillance and Collaboration: Building a State Tick-Surveillance Network.

Between March 2019 and February 2020, Asian long-horned ticks ( Neumann, 1901) were discovered and collected for the first time in one middle and seven eastern Tennessee counties, facilitated by a newly developed passive and collaborative tick-surveillance network. Network collaborators included federal, state, county, university, and private resource personnel working with companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. Specimens were collected primarily from dogs and cattle, with initial detections of female adult stage ticks by stakeholders associated with parasitology positions (e.

Presentation, Clinical Pathology Abnormalities, and Identification of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Camels ( and ) Presenting to Two North American Veterinary Teaching Hospitals. A Retrospective Study: 1980-2020.

Old World Camelids (OWC) represent two species ( and ) with increasing numbers in North America. Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism is a major cause of clinical disease in camelids and leads to significant economic impacts. Literature reporting on clinical parasitism of camels is localized to India, Africa, and the Middle East, with limited information available on OWCs in North America.

Train-the-trainer: Pilot trial for ebola virus disease simulation training.

Background: Highly infectious but rare diseases require rapid dissemination of safety critical skills to health-care workers (HCWs). Simulation is an effective method of education; however, it requires competent instructors. We evaluated the efficacy of an internet-delivered train-the-trainer course to prepare HCWs to care for patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD).

Multiple drug resistance in the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum: an emerging threat?

Background: The canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum is the most prevalent and important intestinal nematode parasite of dogs in the USA. Hookworms are typically well controlled by treatment with all commonly used anthelmintics that are approved for this use in dogs. However, in the past few years, cases of recurrent/persistent canine hookworm infections appear to have dramatically increased, suggesting that anthelmintic resistance (AR) may have evolved in this parasite.

A Pilot Study of Simulation Training in Difficult Bag Mask Ventilation Using a Computerized Patient Simulator.

Objective: Bag mask ventilation (BMV) is fundamental to airway management. Simulation is effective in airway management training, but its effectiveness for difficult BMV training is less clear. We evaluated the difference between type of training (simulation vs on patients) and the pass rate on a post-test on patients.

Eimeria gilruthi-associated abomasitis in a group of ewes.

Nine of 23 (39%) research ewes with severe diarrhea and weight loss had histologic lesions consistent with Eimeria gilruthi infection in their abomasa. Gross anatomic lesions included hundreds of opaque 1-mm nodules in abomasal mucosa that corresponded microscopically to 200-300 µm diameter organisms surrounded by areas of necrosis. Analysis of fecal samples from 4 ewes demonstrated oocysts from typical ovine Eimeria species, none of which were E.

The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Simulation Program.

Patient safety in dental anesthesia has been called into question in recent years. Simulation training has been proposed and developed as one possibility for increasing preparedness and training in cases of adverse events in dental anesthesia. This article presents an overview of the challenges of patient safety in dental anesthesia and how to address them with simulation training.

Parasite prevalence survey in shelter cats in Citrus County, Florida.

Free-roaming cat population estimates within the United States currently range from 10 to 114million individual cats. Zoonotic parasites of free-roaming cats are public health concerns; therefore, it is important to investigate the parasite prevalence in these populations. Seventy-six fecal samples from shelter cats in Citrus County, FL were surveyed for parasites using the Sheather's sugar centrifugal flotation method.

Toxoplasma gondii: history and diagnostic test development.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoa that causes toxoplasmosis in people and other animals. It is considered one of the most common parasitic infections in the world due to its impressive range of hosts, widespread environmental contamination and the diverse means by which animals can be infected. Despite its ubiquity and numerous ongoing research efforts into both its basic biology and clinical management, many aspects of diagnosis and management of this disease are poorly understood.

Cooperative learning using simulation to achieve mastery of nasogastric tube insertion.

Traditionally, psychomotor skills training for nursing students involves didactic instruction followed by procedural review and practice with a task trainer, manikin, or classmates. This article describes a novel method of teaching psychomotor skills to associate degree and baccalaureate nursing students, Cooperative Learning Simulation Skills Training (CLSST), in the context of nasogastric tube insertion using a deliberate practice-to-mastery learning model. Student dyads served as operator and student learner.

Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New York State, USA.

Sera collected from 299 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvested in New York State by hunters in November 2010 were assayed for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies. White-tailed deer are a useful sentinel for risk of human and domestic animal exposure to Toxoplasma oocysts and pose a potential risk for infection to humans and other animals by ingestion of the meat. White-tailed deer share grazing space with domestic animals raised for meat and are likely to be exposed by horizontal transmission through oocyst consumption, similar to other grazing species of economic concern.

An approach to moderate sedation simulation training.

Introduction: Each year millions of patients undergo procedures that require moderate sedation. These patients are at risk of complications from oversedation that can progress to respiratory depression or even death. This article describes the creation of a simulation-based medical education course for nonanesthesiologists who use sedation in their specialty practice and preliminary data from our precourse and postcourse assessments.

Validation of simulated difficult bag-mask ventilation as a training and evaluation method for first-year internal medicine house staff.

Introduction: The past decade has witnessed the increased use of patient simulation in medical training as a method to teach complex bedside skills. Although effective bag-mask ventilation (BMV) is a critical part of airway management, the quality of training in this skill has been questioned.

Methods: First-year internal medicine house staff (novices) were used to evaluate a computerized patient simulator as a tool to teach difficult BMV.

Validation of a detailed scoring checklist for use during advanced cardiac life support certification.

Introduction: Defining valid, reliable, defensible, and generalizable standards for the evaluation of learner performance is a key issue in assessing both baseline competence and mastery in medical education. However, before setting these standards of performance, the reliability of the scores yielding from a grading tool must be assessed. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of scores generated from a set of grading checklists used by nonexpert raters during simulations of American Heart Association (AHA) Megacodes.

Chimeric protein A/G conjugate for detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G in multiple animal species.

Serological testing for toxoplasmosis diagnosis remains the method of choice in human medicine due to the accessibility of the requisite sample, the difficulty in predicting the parasite's location in the host for direct detection, and the availability of established commercial methods. In veterinary medicine, although the first 2 conditions are unchanged, there is a need for commercially produced test methods that are validated for Toxoplasma gondii detection across the range of animal species that can serve as intermediate hosts. The development of such a serological method for animals would allow the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in individual animals and a higher throughput method for population-level toxoplasmosis surveys.

Literature review: instructional design and pedagogy science in healthcare simulation.

This article is a review of the literature focused on simulation as an educational intervention in healthcare. The authors examined the literature based on four key levels: (1) the validity and reliability of the simulator, (2) the validity and reliability of the performance evaluation tool, (3) the study design, and (4) the translational impact. The authors found that the majority of research literature in healthcare simulation does not address the validity and reliability of the simulator or the performance evaluation tool.

Modification of a commercial Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for use in multiple animal species.

A challenge faced by veterinary diagnosticians in serologic analysis for exposure to pathogens is the need for a protein conjugate capable of antibody attachment in many animal species. The advent of protein conjugates that are less specific in nature allows diagnosis across many species with little or no modification of technique. Toxoplasma gondii is an organism of veterinary interest that has been demonstrated to infect a plethora of warm-blooded animals.

Efficacy of a doxycycline treatment regimen initiated during three different phases of experimental ehrlichiosis.

Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a well-characterized disease and valuable model for tick-borne zoonoses. Conflicting reports of clearance of Ehrlichia canis after treatment with doxycycline suggested that the disease phase during which treatment is initiated influences outcomes of these treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 28-day doxycycline regimen for clearance of experimental E.

Antibiotic clearance of Ehrlichia canis from dogs infected by intravenous inoculation of carrier blood.

Ehrlichia canis is the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and is a useful model for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens, many of which infect dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate rifampin and doxycycline regimens for clearance of E. canis infections in addition to alleviation of CME.

Host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, Ehrlichia canis.

The ehrlichioses have been subject to increasing interest from veterinary and public health perspectives, but experimental studies of these diseases and their etiologic agents can be challenging. Ehrlichia canis, the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is relatively well characterized and offers unique advantages and opportunities to study interactions between a monocytotropic pathogen and both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Historically, advances in tick-borne disease control strategies have typically followed explication of tick-pathogen-vertebrate interactions, thus it is reasonable to expect novel, more sustainable approaches to control of these diseases as the transmission of their associated infections are investigated at the molecular through ecological levels.

Experimental infection of dairy calves with Ehrlichia chaffeensis.

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is a zoonotic emerging tick-borne disease with clinical signs that range from mild symptoms to multiple organ failure and death. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the aetiologic agent of HME, is reported to infect a divergent range of mammals. Although cattle are common hosts of the primary vector of this pathogen, the susceptibility of this host to E.

Tick acquisition of Ehrlichia canis from dogs treated with doxycycline hyclate.

Doxycycline generally alleviates clinical monocytic ehrlichiosis, but its efficacy in the control of monocytotropic ehrlichial pathogens requires further investigation. In this study, Ehrlichia canis was detected in dogs treated with doxycycline for 14 days and in ticks fed on these dogs, suggesting that treated dogs can remain reservoirs for E. canis.

Detection of Hepatozoon canis in stray dogs and cats in Bangkok, Thailand.

A rapidly increasing stray animal population in Bangkok has caused concern regarding transmission of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine if stray animals in Bangkok are a potential reservoir of Hepatozoon, a genus of tick-borne parasites that has received little attention in Thailand. Blood samples were collected from stray companion animals near monasteries in 42 Bangkok metropolitan districts.