Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Colorectal Cancer in Young Populations.

A considerable amount of recent research has focused on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in colorectal cancer (CRC), aiming to improve outcomes in CRC. However, AI for young onset colorectal cancer (yoCRC)-defined as colorectal cancer in patients less than 50 years old-is not nearly as explored, and its role in the prevention, detection, and management of yoCRC remains largely unknown. To address this gap, we performed an integrative review on AI in yoCRC.

Association of Race and Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Previous literature suggests that rates of postoperative complications following inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) surgery differ based on race.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between race and adverse events and wound complications in patients with IBD.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative from 2017 to 2022.

Early Implementation of Robotic Training in Surgical and Surgical Subspecialty Residency.

Background: Robotic surgery has emerged as an operative tool for many elective and urgent surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate early surgical trainees' experiences and opinions of robotic surgery.

Methods: An introductory robotic training course consisting of online da Vinci Xi/X training and in-person, hands on training was implemented for residents and medical students across surgical subspecialties at a single institution.

Parental leave policies in general surgery residencies.

Background: Prospective residents use program websites to glean information regarding parental leave policies. This study investigates the online availability and content of parental leave policies for general surgery residency programs.

Methods: Parental leave policy information was collected from general surgery residency program and Graduate Medical Education (GME) websites.

Sex-Based Differences in IBD Surgical Outcomes.

Background: Although there are discrepancies in the development and progression of IBD based on biologic sex, little is known about differences in postoperative outcomes between men and women undergoing surgery for this condition.

Objective: To compare rates of anastomotic leaks, wound complications, and serious adverse events between men and women undergoing surgery for IBD.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Transglutaminase 2 Binds to the CD44v6 Cytoplasmic Domain to Stimulate CD44v6/ERK1/2 Signaling and Maintain an Aggressive Cancer Phenotype.

Unlabelled: Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a key cancer cell survival protein in many cancer types. As such, efforts are underway to characterize the mechanism of TG2 action. In this study, we report that TG2 stimulates CD44v6 activity to enhance cancer cell survival via a mechanism that involves formation of a TG2/CD44v6/ERK1/2 complex that activates ERK1/2 signaling to drive an aggressive cancer phenotype.

Outcomes after endoscopic local excision of early-stage gastric adenocarcinoma in the United States.

Background And Objectives: Local excision (LE) for early-stage gastric cancer has expanded in the United States over recent years, however, national outcomes are unknown. The objective of the study was to evaluate national survival outcomes following LE for early-stage gastric cancer.

Methods: Patients with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2016 were identified from the National Cancer Database then classified by LE curability into eCuraA (high) and eCuraC (low) according to Japanese Gastric Cancer Association guidelines.

Natural killer cells suppress human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cancer cell survival and tumor growth.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), which develops in response to ultraviolet irradiation exposure, is among the most common cancers. CSCC lesions can be removed by surgical excision, but 4.5% of these cancers reappear as aggressive and therapy-resistant tumors.

Impaired Maternal-Fetal Environment and Risk for Preoperative Focal White Matter Injury in Neonates With Complex Congenital Heart Disease.

Background Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for white matter injury (WMI) before neonatal heart surgery. Better knowledge of the causes of preoperative WMI may provide insights into interventions that improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in these patients. Methods and Results A prospective single-center study of preoperative WMI in neonates with CHD recorded data on primary cardiac diagnosis, maternal-fetal environment (MFE), delivery type, subject anthropometrics, and preoperative care.

Mesothelioma cancer cells are glutamine addicted and glutamine restriction reduces YAP1 signaling to attenuate tumor formation.

Glutamine addiction is an important phenotype displayed in some types of cancer. In these cells, glutamine depletion results in a marked reduction in the aggressive cancer phenotype. Mesothelioma is an extremely aggressive disease that lacks effective therapy.

Sulforaphane inhibits CD44v6/YAP1/TEAD signaling to suppress the cancer phenotype.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a promising cancer prevention and treatment agent that strongly suppresses the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cell cancer phenotype. We previously showed that yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/TEAD signaling is a key procancer stimulator of the aggressive CSCC cell cancer phenotype. However, SFN-responsive upstream regulators of YAP1/TEAD signaling are not well characterized and so there is a pressing need to identify these factors.

The transglutaminase 2 cancer cell survival factor maintains mTOR activity to drive an aggressive cancer phenotype.

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an important cancer stem-like cell survival protein that is highly expressed in epidermal squamous cell carcinoma and drives an aggressive cancer phenotype. In the present study, we show that TG2 knockdown or inactivation results in a reduction in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) level and activity in epidermal cancer stem-like cells which are associated with reduced spheroid formation, invasion, and migration, and reduced cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression. Similar changes were observed in both cultured cells and tumors.

Increasing utilization of endoscopic local excision for early-stage gastric cancers in the United States.

Background: The Japanese Gastric Cancer Association provided updated criteria for endoscopic local excision of early-stage gastric cancer in 2018. The purpose of this study was to evaluate utilization patterns for endoscopic local excision in the United States for resectable gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Patients with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma were identified from the National Cancer Database between 2010 and 2017.

Dr. Orvar Swenson and the Pull-Through.

Dr. Orvar Swenson is best remembered for developing the , a technique he developed to treat Hirschsprung's disease. After graduating from Harvard Medical School and beginning his residency at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Dr.

Preoperative cerebral hemodynamics from birth to surgery in neonates with critical congenital heart disease.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic white matter brain injury commonly occurs in neonates with critical congenital heart disease. Recent work has shown that longer time to surgery is associated with increased risk for this injury. In this study we investigated changes in perinatal cerebral hemodynamics during the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation to ascertain mechanisms that might underlie this risk.

Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Hypercapnia in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Study Objectives: Children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) often experience periods of hypercapnia during sleep, a potent stimulator of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Considering this hypercapnia exposure during sleep, it is possible that children with OSAS have abnormal CBF responses to hypercapnia even during wakefulness. Therefore, we hypothesized that children with OSAS have blunted CBF response to hypercapnia during wakefulness, compared to snorers and controls.