Case study: breakthrough mpox infection in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia after completed two-dose course of subcutaneous modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA-BN) vaccines.

Background: In August 2022, in response to a global mpox outbreak, the World Health Organization recommended the Vaccinia vaccination for at-risk people.

Methods: Case study.

Results: We describe a case of a HIV-negative bisexual man who developed a symptomatic mpox infection 13weeks after completing a two-dose course of subcutaneous third-generation modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines.