The Impact of Emerging Technologies on Residency Selection by Medical Students in 2017 and 2021, With a Focus on Diagnostic Radiology.

Rationale And Objectives: We sought to determine the perceived impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies (ET) on various specialties by medical students in both 2017 and 2021 and how this might affect their residency selections.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a brief, anonymous survey of all medical students at a single institution in 2017 and 2021. Survey questions evaluated (1) incentives motivating residency selection and career path, (2) degree of interest in each specialty, (3) perceived effect that ET will have on job prospects for each specialty, and (4) those specialties that students would not consider because of concerns regarding ET.

Ultrasound for Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis: Multidisciplinary Recommendations From the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference.

Venous ultrasound is the standard imaging test for patients suspected of having acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT). There is variability and disagreement among authoritative groups regarding the necessary components of the test. Some protocols include scanning the entire lower extremity, whereas others recommend scans limited to the thigh and knee supplemented with serial testing.

ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS): White Paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee.

Thyroid nodules are a frequent finding on neck sonography. Most nodules are benign; therefore, many nodules are biopsied to identify the small number that are malignant or require surgery for a definitive diagnosis. Since 2009, many professional societies and investigators have proposed ultrasound-based risk stratification systems to identify nodules that warrant biopsy or sonographic follow-up.

Teaching and Working With Millennial Trainees: Impact on Radiological Education and Work Performance.

Many feel that the generational differences encountered with Millennial trainees are novel; the reality is that prior generations have always bemoaned generational differences. This is not a new problem; some of the same things may even have been said about us during our own training! There are a variety of myths and misconceptions about the Millennial generation (also known as Generation Y). In this article we review some of the differences frequently encountered as we educate and work alongside our Millennial colleagues, dispelling some of the myths and misconceptions.

Optimizing modality selection for image-guided procedures: an analysis of the challenges to ultrasound guidance.

Introduction: Selection of the most appropriate modality for image guidance is essential for procedural success. We identified specific factors contributing to failure of ultrasound-guided procedures that were subsequently performed using CT guidance.

Materials And Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 164 patients who underwent a CT-guided biopsy, aspiration/drainage, or ablation after initially having the same procedure attempted unsuccessfully with ultrasound guidance.

Thyroid Ultrasound Reporting Lexicon: White Paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Committee.

Ultrasound is the most commonly used imaging technique for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Sonographic findings are often not specific, and definitive diagnosis is usually made through fine-needle aspiration biopsy or even surgery. In reviewing the literature, terms used to describe nodules are often poorly defined and inconsistently applied.

Managing incidental thyroid nodules detected on imaging: white paper of the ACR Incidental Thyroid Findings Committee.

The incidental thyroid nodule (ITN) is one of the most common incidental findings on imaging studies that include the neck. An ITN is defined as a nodule not previously detected or suspected clinically, but identified by an imaging study. The workup of ITNs has led to increased costs from additional procedures, and in some cases, to increased risk to the patient because physicians are naturally concerned about the risk of malignancy and a delayed cancer diagnosis.

Echogenic foci in thyroid nodules: significance of posterior acoustic artifacts.

Objective: This study was undertaken to define and evaluate echogenic foci and their posterior acoustic artifacts in thyroid nodules. Whether these findings were indicative of benignity or malignancy was assessed.

Materials And Methods: Echogenic foci were classified into five types: no posterior artifact, large comet-tail artifact, small comet-tail artifact (≤1.

A pilot study estimating liver fibrosis with ultrasound shear-wave elastography: does the cause of liver disease or location of measurement affect performance?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of real-time shear-wave elastography for assessment of liver fibrosis in an unselected patient population, comparing shear-wave elastography measurements obtained at and remote from the site of random liver biopsy.

Subjects And Methods: In a prospective study of 50 patients (21 with and 29 without hepatitis C) referred for clinically indicated random liver biopsy for diffuse liver disease, shear-wave elastography measurements were taken from four locations before biopsy: one at the left lobe, two at the right lobe, and one at the biopsy location. The mean, minimum, maximum, and SD of shear-wave elastography were compared with pathologic grading.

Resident experience increases diagnostic rate of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies.

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether the diagnostic yield of thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) changes over the course of residency training.

Materials And Methods: We identified 5418 ultrasound-guided thyroid nodule FNAs performed in our radiology department from 2004 through 2012. For each FNA, we recorded if the FNA was performed by a resident and if so the name of the resident and supervising attending radiologist.

Management of nodules with initially nondiagnostic results of thyroid fine-needle aspiration: can we avoid repeat biopsy?

Purpose: To identify demographic and ultrasonographic (US) features associated with malignancy after initially nondiagnostic results of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to help clarify the role of repeat FNA, surgical excision, or serial US in these nodules.

Materials And Methods: This study was HIPAA compliant and institutional review board approved; informed consent was waived. Thyroid nodules (n = 5349) that underwent US-guided FNA in 2004-2012 were identified; 393 were single nodules with nondiagnostic FNA results but adequate cytologic, surgical, or US follow-up.

Retirement issues for radiologists, part 2: Consensus statement on retirement and preretirement issues by the Commission on Human Resources of the ACR.

There are many retirement and preretirement issues facing individual radiology groups and practices. The discussion of the numerous options available for radiologists contemplating retirement sometimes becomes contentious within a practice and may pit younger radiologists against the more senior members of the group. The potential exists for the process to degenerate into personality clashes.

Retirement issues for radiologists and the radiology practice, part 1: a report of the ACR Commission on Human Resources, Subcommittee on Retirement.

Retirement and issues associated with the initiation of retirement have undergone extensive change in the past decade. Multiple factors, including economic conditions, have resulted in a delay in the initiation of retirement. Delayed retirement of senior radiologists is a factor contributing to a diminished job market for entering radiology graduates.

Injuries from ingesting wire bristles dislodged from grill-cleaning brushes--Providence, Rhode Island, 2009-2012.

Foreign object ingestion is a common reason for visiting an emergency department; however, wire grill-cleaning brush bristles are an uncommon foreign object. This report describes a series of twelve cases identified in a single hospital system from July 2009 through June 2012. Patients included six males and six females; ages ranged from 11 to 75 (mean: 47 years).

CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy: comparison of conventional CT fluoroscopy to CT fluoroscopy with electromagnetic navigation system in 60 consecutive patients.

Purpose: To determine if use of an electromagnetic navigation system (EMN) decreases radiation dose and procedure time of CT fluoroscopy guided lung biopsy in lesions smaller than 2.5 cm.

Materials/methods: 86 consecutive patients with small lung masses (<2.

Nonshadowing echogenic foci in thyroid nodules: are certain appearances enough to avoid thyroid biopsy?

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to further classify nonshadowing echogenic foci and examine the association with malignancy.

Methods: This study received Institutional Review Board approval and was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant. A total of 371 consecutive thyroid nodules were evaluated in 189 patients (177 female and 12 male; mean age, 59 years; range, 21-92 years).

Renal cortical thickness measured at ultrasound: is it better than renal length as an indicator of renal function in chronic kidney disease?

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine whether there is a relationship between renal cortical thickness or length measured on ultrasound and the degree of renal impairment in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Materials And Methods: From October to December 2007, 25 patients (13 men and 12 women, mean age 73 years) were identified who had CKD but were not on dialysis. The patients were from a single institution and had undergone renal ultrasound and at least three serum creatinines within 90 days.

Hashimoto thyroiditis: Part 2, sonographic analysis of benign and malignant nodules in patients with diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to compare sonographic features of benign and malignant nodules in patients with diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Subjects And Methods: As part of an ongoing multiinstitutional study, patients who underwent ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration of one or more thyroid nodules were analyzed for a variety of predetermined sonographic features. Patients with a sonographic appearance consistent with diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis and with coexisting nodules that could be confirmed to be benign or malignant by fine-needle aspiration or surgical pathologic analysis were included in the study.

Hashimoto thyroiditis: Part 1, sonographic analysis of the nodular form of Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to analyze the sonographic appearance of nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Subjects And Methods: As part of an ongoing multiinstitutional study, patients who underwent ultrasound examination and fine-needle aspiration of one or more thyroid nodules were analyzed for multiple predetermined sonographic features. Patients completed a questionnaire, including information about thyroid function and thyroid medication.

Dots are not clots: the over-diagnosis and over-treatment of PE.

The purpose of this work is to question the conventional theory that all pulmonary emboli (PE) are abnormal, and to test the hypothesis that small peripheral PE are a function of life. Most radiologists report any filling defect, independent of size, as clinically significant PE when detected in the pulmonary arteries. We sought to reinforce the theory that small dots in the pulmonary arteries are not clinically significant clots in the conventional setting.

Retirement: it's not about the finances!

Retirement. The word has traditionally represented a milestone for working individuals: after a lengthy phase of labor, one was rewarded with a new segment of life free from the responsibilities of one's vocation. As society has progressed, however, the concept of retirement has also changed, evolving to encompass much more than freedom from work.

Primary hyperparathyroidism: is there an increased prevalence of renal stone disease?

Objective: Parathyroid adenomas cause hypercalcemia and are culprits in the development of renal stone disease. With serum assays available, early detection of parathyroid tumors is possible. We performed this retrospective review to determine whether the prevalence of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis is still increased in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism compared with those not affected by the disorder in view of the early detection of parathyroid adenomas.