The History of Target-Controlled Infusion.

Target-controlled infusion (TCI) is a technique of infusing IV drugs to achieve a user-defined predicted ("target") drug concentration in a specific body compartment or tissue of interest. In this review, we describe the pharmacokinetic principles of TCI, the development of TCI systems, and technical and regulatory issues addressed in prototype development. We also describe the launch of the current clinically available systems.

Target-Controlled Infusion: A Mature Technology.

Target-controlled infusions (TCIs) have been used in research and clinical practice for >2 decades. Nonapproved TCI software systems have been used during the conduct of almost 600 peer-reviewed published studies involving large numbers of patients. The first-generation pumps were first approved in 1996, and since then an estimated 25,000 units have been sold and used.