Aurora B inhibitors promote RB hypophosphorylation and senescence independent of p53-dependent CDK2/4 inhibition.

Aurora B kinase (AURKB) inhibitors have been trialled in a range of different tumour types but are not approved for any indication. Expression of the human papilloma virus (HPV) oncogenes and loss of retinoblastoma (RB) protein function has been reported to increase sensitivity to AURKB inhibitors but the mechanism of their contribution to sensitivity is poorly understood. Two commonly reported outcomes of AURKB inhibition are polyploidy and senescence, although their relationship is unclear.

High-throughput surface epitope immunoaffinity isolation of extracellular vesicles and downstream analysis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have significant potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The lack of standardized methods for efficient and high-throughput isolation and analysis of EVs, however, has limited their widespread use in clinical practice. Surface epitope immunoaffinity (SEI) isolation utilizes affinity ligands, including antibodies, aptamers, or lectins, that target specific surface proteins present on EVs.

Identification and characterization of TM4SF1 tumor self-seeded cells.

Tumor self-seeding is a process whereby circulating tumor cells (CTCs) recolonize the primary tumor, which promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion. However, the detailed nature and functions of tumor self-seeded cells (TSCs) have not been well defined due to challenges in tracking and isolating TSCs. Here, we report an accurate animal model using photoconvertible tagging to recapitulate the spontaneous process of tumor self-seeding and identify TSCs as a subpopulation of primary tumor cells with enhanced invasiveness and survival.

Estimation of risk posed by malignant polyps amongst colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand.

Purpose: The estimation of the risk posed by malignant polyps for residual or lymphatic disease plays a central role. This study investigated colorectal surgeons' assessment of these risks associated with malignant polyps.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was electronically administered to colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand in October 2022.

Inhibition of Aurora B kinase (AURKB) enhances the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy against colorectal cancer cells.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a core component of systemic therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, response rates remain low, and development of therapy resistance is a primary issue. Combinatorial strategies employing a second agent to augment the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy is predicted to reduce the incidence of treatment resistance and increase the durability of response to therapy.

Revision of the genus Fascaplysinopsis, the type species Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912) (Porifera, Dictyoceratida, Thorectidae) and descriptions of two new genera and seven new species.

The present study examines the taxonomy of sponge specimens with unique chemistry collectively known as Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912). Examination of Hentschels original species upon which the genus Fascaplysinopsis Bergquist, 1980 was based in conjunction with a comparison with recent Indo-west Pacific collections, using morphological and molecular analyses (ITS and 28S rDNA), revealed extensive variation. Fascaplysinopsis reticulata was found to be a species complex comprising the genus Fascaplysinopsis, as well as two new genera: Skolosachlys gen.

Deep Water Polymastiidae (Porifera, Polymastiida) from the South West Pacific.

This study reports on some deep water sponges in the family Polymastiidae collected during the 2017 Abyss Cruise off the East Coast of Australia and the 2003 NORFANZ Expedition to the Lord Howe and Norfolk Ridges in the Tasman Sea, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Species of Radiella, Spinularia, Ridleia, Tentorium and Polymastia were collected from abyssal and bathyal depths. From these collections, seven new species were discovered: Radiella nidula sp.

UGDH promotes tumor-initiating cells and a fibroinflammatory tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a global health burden, with the poorest five-year survival rate of the gynecological malignancies due to diagnosis at advanced stage and high recurrence rate. Recurrence in EOC is driven by the survival of chemoresistant, stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs) that are supported by a complex extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive microenvironment. To target TICs to prevent recurrence, we identified genes critical for TIC viability from a whole genome siRNA screen.

MUC13 Cell Surface Mucin Limits Salmonella Typhimurium Infection by Protecting the Mucosal Epithelial Barrier.

Background & Aims: MUC13 cell surface mucin is highly expressed on the mucosal surface throughout the intestine, yet its role against bacterial infection is unknown. We investigated how MUC13 impacts Salmonella typhimurium (S Tm) infection and elucidated its mechanisms of action.

Methods: Muc13 and wild-type littermate mice were gavaged with 2 isogenic strains of S Tm after pre-conditioning with streptomycin.

New carnivorous sponges from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia collected by ROV from the RV FALKOR.

This research presents three new species of carnivorous sponges from the family Cladorhizidae from the Great Barrier Reef, in Queensland, Australia: Abyssocladia falkor sp. nov., Abyssocladia jeanvaceleti sp.

First records of Hamacantha species from seamounts off eastern Australia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Merliida), with description of four new species.

Four new species of encrusting Hamacantha (Vomerula) are described from bathyal depths of seamounts off Queensland and Tasmania in southeast Australia (H. (V.) novacula sp.

Discovery and validation of serum glycoprotein biomarkers for high grade serous ovarian cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify serum glycoprotein biomarkers for early detection of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common and aggressive histotype of ovarian cancer.

Experimental Design: The glycoproteomics pipeline lectin magnetic bead array (LeMBA)-mass spectrometry (MS) was used in age-matched case-control serum samples. Clinical samples collected at diagnosis were divided into discovery (n = 30) and validation (n = 98) sets.

Reactive Oxygen Species as Mediators of Disease Progression and Therapeutic Response in Colorectal Cancer.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical to normal cellular function with redox homeostasis achieved by balancing ROS production with removal through detoxification mechanisms. Many of the conventional chemotherapies used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) derive a proportion of their cytotoxicity from ROS generation, and resistance to chemotherapy is associated with elevated detoxification mechanisms. Furthermore, cancer stem cells demonstrate elevated detoxification mechanisms making definitive treatment with existing chemotherapy challenging.

Malignant polyps in the COVID-19 era: a population-based analysis.

Background: Malignant polyps represent the early development of colorectal adenocarcinoma. During 2020, there was widescale rationing of health-care resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular there was deferral of some colonoscopy procedures required for timely malignant polyp detection.

Combined thioredoxin reductase and glutaminase inhibition exerts synergistic anti-tumor activity in MYC-high high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Approximately 50%-55% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients have MYC oncogenic pathway activation. Because MYC is not directly targetable, we have analyzed molecular pathways enriched in MYC-high HGSOC tumors to identify potential therapeutic targets. Here, we report that MYC-high HGSOC tumors show enrichment in genes controlled by NRF2, an antioxidant signaling pathway, along with increased thioredoxin redox activity.

CBL0137 impairs homologous recombination repair and sensitizes high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma to PARP inhibitors.

Background: High-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) are a heterogeneous subtype of epithelial ovarian cancers and include serous cancers arising in the fallopian tube and peritoneum. These cancers are now subdivided into homologous recombination repair (HR)-deficient and proficient subgroups as this classification impacts on management and prognosis. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have shown significant clinical efficacy, particularly as maintenance therapy following response to platinum-based chemotherapy in BRCA-mutant or homologous recombination (HR)-deficient HGSCs in both the 1st and 2nd line settings.

CUB Domain-Containing Protein 1 (CDCP1) is a rational target for the development of imaging tracers and antibody-drug conjugates for cancer detection and therapy.

An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a targeted therapy consisting of a cytotoxic payload that is linked to an antibody which targets a protein enriched on malignant cells. Multiple ADCs are currently used clinically as anti-cancer agents significantly improving patient survival. Herein, we evaluated the rationale of targeting the cell surface oncoreceptor CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) using ADCs and assessed the efficacy of CDCP1-directed ADCs against a range of malignant tumors.

In comparison with polypectomy, colorectal resection is associated with improved survival for patients diagnosed with malignant polyps.

Aim: Patients diagnosed with a malignant polyp generally have favourable overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). However, it is unclear how choice in management for malignant polyps may affect survival.

Methods: Data from the Queensland Oncology Repository was analysed to derive a population wide assessment of the impact of management strategy on OS and CSS for patients diagnosed with malignant polyps.

Timing of surveillance colonoscopy following malignant colorectal polypectomy in Queensland.

Introduction: The management of malignant polyps presents a treatment challenge between a colorectal resection and polypectomy alone. Patients managed with polypectomy alone typically undergo surveillance for recurrent or metastatic disease, however, optimal timing of surveillance methods remains unclear. Guidelines recommend for completely resected malignant polyps, that a surveillance colonoscopy be perform 12 months from diagnosis.

Missing parameters in malignant polyp histology reports: can appropriate decisions be made?

The treatment of colorectal malignant polyps is dependent upon quality reporting of the histopathological features known to predict the risk of residual disease or lymph node metastasis. The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) has produced protocols covering mandatory and recommended pathological parameters to be included in the pathology reporting of malignant polyps. This paper aimed to assess the quality of the pathological reporting in a population-wide analysis from 2011-2019 in Queensland, Australia.

Management of high and low risk malignant polyps: a population-wide analysis.

Aim: The management of malignant polyps is a treatment dilemma in selecting between polypectomy and colorectal resection. To assist clinicians, guidelines have been developed by the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) to provide treatment recommendations.

Methods: This study compared management strategy based on the ACPGBI risk categorization for malignant polyps.

A population-based study of the management of rectal malignant polyps and the use of trans-anal surgery.

Introduction: Rectal malignant polyps can be managed by use of trans-anal resections (TAR). Traditional techniques of resection have been replaced by use of platforms such as trans-anal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) or trans-anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). This study reviewed the management of rectal malignant polyps, in particular focussing on when clinicians used TAR.

Correction: Alpha-Tomatine Attenuation of In Vivo Growth of Subcutaneous and Orthotopic Xenograft Tumors of Human Prostate Carcinoma PC-3 Cells Is Accompanied by Inactivation of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.