Efficacy of high-resolution vessel wall MRI in the postoperative assessment of intracranial aneurysms following flow diversion treatment.

Objective: Certain patients must undergo frequent postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) after flow diversion (FD) therapy. No imaging modality with an efficacy comparable to that of DSA has been established. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of contrast-enhanced delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation (DANTE) T1-sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolution (SPACE), a high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging technique for evaluating the occlusion status of intracranial aneurysms after FD treatment, with DSA serving as the reference standard.

The Lexicon and Morphosyntax of Child Spanish as Predictors of Inhibition.

This study investigates the relationships between lexical development and inhibition, as well as morphosyntax and inhibition, in typically developing monolingual Spanish-speaking children. Recent studies of the relationship between lexical development and inhibition suggest that, as the size of the lexicon increases, so does inhibitory ability. However, the relationship between grammar and inhibition seems more controversial.

Vessel wall MRI in moyamoya disease: arterial wall enhancement varies depending on age, arteries, and disease progression.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of followings for patients with moyamoya disease (MMD): arterial wall enhancement on vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI), cross-sectional area (CSA), time-of-flight MR angiography (MRA), age, locations from intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) to proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA), disease progression, and transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Methods: Patients who underwent VW-MRI between October 2018 and December 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. We measured arterial wall enhancement (enhancement ratio, ER) and CSA at five sections of ICA and MCA.

Overt Subject Pronoun Use in Switch-Reference Contexts in Child Spanish Developmental Language Disorder: A Discriminant Function Analysis.

Purpose: Our study analyzes probabilistic constraints on subject expression previously found in adult Spanish in the speech of typically developing (TD) Spanish-speaking children and children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Previous work shows that children with DLD produce fewer overt subjects than typically developing children, and that the latter acquire constraints on subject expression as they age into adolescence. Our study complements these findings and provides further substance to the grammatical profile of children whose morphosyntactic development diverges from that of typically developing children.

Predicting Scalar Implicature Interpretations From Lexical Knowledge.

Purpose: We measure typically developing monolingual child Spanish speakers' lexical development with a range of standard expressive and receptive tests. We also measure their comprehension of sentences with the existential quantifier "some" to determine their abilities to generate "some, but not all" scalar implicatures or pragmatically enriched quantifier interpretations. We then determine the degree to which lexical development predicts implicature interpretations.

Postmortem 7T MRI for guided histopathology and evaluation of cerebrovascular disease.

Postmortem (PM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can serve as a bridge between in vivo imaging and histology by connecting MRI observed macrostructural findings to histological staining and microstructural changes. Data were acquired from 20 formalin-fixed brains including T2, T1, PD, and T2*-weighted images of left hemispheres and 6-mm-thick coronal slices. Tissue slices were bisected, aligned to MR images and used to guide histological sampling.

Immediate impact of yogic breathing on pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear fluid bathing the central nervous system (CNS), undergoes pulsatile movements. Together with interstitial fluid, CSF plays a critical role for the removal of waste products from the brain, and maintenance of the CNS health. As such, understanding the mechanisms driving CSF movement is of high scientific and clinical impact.

Piecewise Structural Equation Modeling of the Quantity Implicature in Child Language.

We review an array of experimental methodological factors that either contribute to or detract from the measurement of pragmatic implicatures in child language. We carry out a truth value judgment task to measure children's interpretations of the Spanish existential quantifier in implicature-consistent and implicature-inconsistent contexts. Independently, we take measures of children's inhibition, working memory, attention, approximate number ability, phrasal syntax, and lexicon.

Comparison of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging using DANTE-SPACE, PETRA, and MPRAGE: a clinical evaluation of brain tumors at 3 Tesla.

Background: We aimed to compare the performance of three contrast-enhanced T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) sequences to detect brain tumors at 3 Tesla. The three sequences were: (I) delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution (DANTE-SPACE), (II) pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA), and (III) magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE).

Methods: This study involved 77 consecutive patients, including 34 patients with known primary brain tumors and 43 patients suspected of intracranial metastases.

Vessel wall imaging with advanced flow suppression in the characterization of intracranial aneurysms following flow diversion with Pipeline embolization device.

Background: High-resolution vessel wall MRI (VWI) is increasingly used to characterize intramural disorders of the intracranial vasculature unseen by conventional arteriography.

Objective: To evaluate the use of VWI for surveillance of flow diverter (FD) treated aneurysms.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of 28 aneurysms (in 21 patients) treated with a FD (mean 57 years; 14 female).

Interface Delay.

Interface Delay is a theory of syntactic development, which attempts to explain an array of constructions that are slow to develop, which are characterized by being sensitive to discourse-pragmatic considerations of the type associated with the natural semantic class of definites. The theory claims that neither syntax itself, nor the discourse-pragmatic abilities related to executive function and theory of mind themselves are slow to develop. Rather, the claim is that the nexus or interface between the two cognitive domains is slow to develop.

Syntactic Gender Agreement Processing on Direct-Object Clitics by Spanish-Speaking Children with Developmental Language Disorder: Evidence from ERP.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have a psycholinguistic profile evincing multiple syntactic processing impairments. Spanish-speaking children with DLD struggle with gender agreement on clitics; however, the existing evidence comes from offline, elicitation tasks. In the current study, we sought to determine whether converging evidence of this deficit can be found.

Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using DANTE Pulse.

Background: Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging techniques have been developed but currently require relatively long scan times. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of black-blood delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation-prepared T1-weighted variable flip angle turbo spin echo (DANTE T1-SPACE), which provides relatively high resolution with a short scan time, to visualize neuromelanin in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc).

Methods: Participants comprised 49 healthy controls and 25 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Emergent Literacy in Spanish-Speaking Children With Developmental Language Disorder: Preliminary Findings of Delays in Comprehension- and Code-Related Skills.

Purpose This exploratory study describes the emergent literacy skills of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) who speak Spanish, a language with a simple phonological structure and transparent orthography. We examine differences between children with DLD and their typically developing (TD) peers on a battery of emergent literacy measures. Method Participants included 15 monolingual Spanish-speaking children with DLD (who did not present with cognitive difficulties) and 15 TD controls matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, ranging in age from 3;10 to 6;6 (years;months; = 4;11).

Advantages of fluid and white matter suppression (FLAWS) with MP2RAGE compared with double inversion recovery turbo spin echo (DIR-TSE) at 7T.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white matter (WM) signal suppression techniques allow better visualization of both WM and gray matter (GM) lesions in such disorders as multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. Recently, a technique, FLuid And White matter Suppression "FLAWS", has been proposed at 3 T based on the magnetization-prepared with two rapid gradient echoes (MP2RAGE) sequence. In this study, the FLAWS-MP2RAGE pulse sequence was compared with a double inversion recovery turbo spin echo (DIR-TSE) sequence at 7 T.

Uniform combined reconstruction of multichannel 7T knee MRI receive coil data without the use of a reference scan.

Background: MR image intensity nonuniformity is often observed at 7T. Reference scans from the body coil used for uniformity correction at lower field strengths are typically not available at 7T.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel algorithm, Uniform Combined Reconstruction (UNICORN), to correct receive coil-induced nonuniformity in musculoskeletal 7T MRI without the use of a reference scan.

Multisite reliability and repeatability of an advanced brain MRI protocol.

Background: MRI is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis and intervention assessment in neurological disease. Its full potential has not been realized due in part to challenges in harmonizing advanced techniques across multiple sites.

Purpose: To develop a method for the assessment of reliability and repeatability of advanced multisite-multisession neuroimaging studies and specifically to assess the reliability of an advanced MRI protocol, including multiband fMRI and diffusion tensor MRI, in a multisite setting.

Ruptured intranidal aneurysm of an arteriovenous malformation diagnosed by delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation (DANTE)-prepared contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

This case report describes the usefulness of delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation (DANTE)-prepared, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) for detecting the rupture site of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A ruptured intranidal aneurysm was confirmed histopathologically. Accurate non-invasive information about the possible rupture site of an AVM is critical for optimal treatment and evaluation.

Current and potential imaging applications of ferumoxytol for magnetic resonance imaging.

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a commonly used diagnostic tool. Compared with standard gadolinium-based contrast agents, ferumoxytol (Feraheme, AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA), used as an alternative contrast medium, is feasible in patients with impaired renal function. Other attractive imaging features of i.

High resolution imaging of the intracranial vessel wall at 3 and 7 T using 3D fast spin echo MRI.

Objectives: High resolution MRI of the intracranial vessel wall provides important insights in the assessment of intracranial vascular disease. This study aims to refine high resolution 3D MRI techniques for intracranial vessel wall imaging at both 3 and 7 T using customized flip angle train design, and to explore their comparative abilities.

Materials And Methods: 11 patients with intracranial artery disease (four atherosclerotic plaques, six aneurysms and one reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome) were imaged at 3 and 7 T with a 3D T 1-weighted fast-spin-echo sequence (SPACE) both pre and post Gd contrast injection.

Combined intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion tensor imaging of renal diffusion and flow anisotropy.

Purpose: We used a combined intravoxel incoherent motion-diffusion tensor imaging (IVIM-DTI) methodology to distinguish structural from flow effects on renal diffusion anisotropy.

Methods: Eight volunteers were examined with IVIM-DTI at 3T with 20 diffusion directions and 10 b-values. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) from DTI analysis were calculated for low (b ≤ 200 s/mm(2) ), high (b > 200 s/mm(2) ), and full b-value ranges.

Diffusion tensor imaging predicts functional impairment in mild-to-moderate cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Background Context: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard imaging modality for the assessment of cervical spinal cord; however, MRI assessment of the spinal cord in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients has not demonstrated a consistent association with neurologic function or outcome after surgical or medical intervention. Thus, there is a need for sensitive imaging biomarkers that can predict functional impairment in patients with advanced cervical spondylosis.

Purpose: To implement diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as an imaging biomarker for microstructural integrity and functional impairment in patients with cervical spondylosis.

Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging assessment of white matter aging trajectories over the lifespan of healthy individuals.

Background: Postmortem and volumetric imaging data suggest that brain myelination is a dynamic lifelong process that, in vulnerable late-myelinating regions, peaks in middle age. We examined whether known regional differences in axon size and age at myelination influence the timing and rates of development and degeneration/repair trajectories of white matter (WM) microstructure biomarkers.

Methods: Healthy subjects (n = 171) 14-93 years of age were examined with transverse relaxation rate (R(2)) and four diffusion tensor imaging measures (fractional anisotropy [FA] and radial, axial, and mean diffusivity [RD, AxD, MD, respectively]) of frontal lobe, genu, and splenium of the corpus callosum WM (FWM, GWM, and SWM, respectively).