The impact of the world Workshops on oral health and disease in HIV and AIDS (1988-2020).

The first World Workshop on Oral AIDS was held in San Diego in 1988, organized by John and Deborah Greenspan who saw the need and advantages of getting together all those health workers globally who were interested in oral aspects of HIV with a common purpose of advancing the field collectively and collaboratively. Since that time and over the following 30 years, World Workshops on oral HIV have been held every four years or so. The aims of the first and all subsequent Workshops were to bring together clinicians and non-clinical scientists who have an interest in the oral manifestations of HIV disease, to share worldwide perspectives, knowledge and understanding of oral health and disease in HIV infection, to agree on global definitions and classifications of oral diseases and to identify research needs taking account of the worldwide perspectives and opportunities.

Natural History and Predictors of Progression to Sjögren's Syndrome Among Participants of the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Registry.

Objective: To explore changes in the phenotypic features of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and in SS status among participants in the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) registry over a 2-3-year interval.

Methods: All participants in the SICCA registry who were found to have any objective measures of salivary hypofunction, dry eye, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis in minor salivary gland biopsy, or anti-SSA/SSB antibodies were recalled over a window of 2 to 3 years after their baseline examinations to repeat all clinical examinations and specimen collections to determine whether there was any change in phenotypic features and in SS status.

Results: As of September 15, 2013, a total of 3,514 participants had enrolled in SICCA, and among 3,310 eligible, 771 presented for a followup visit.

Genome-Wide Association Analysis Reveals Genetic Heterogeneity of Sjögren's Syndrome According to Ancestry.

Objective: The Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) is an international data registry and biorepository derived from a multisite observational study of participants in whom genotyping was performed on the Omni2.5M platform and who had undergone deep phenotyping using common protocol-directed methods. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic etiology of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) across ancestry and disease subsets.

Differentiation-Dependent KLF4 Expression Promotes Lytic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Epithelial Cells.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with B-cell and epithelial cell malignancies. EBV lytically infects normal differentiated oral epithelial cells, where it causes a tongue lesion known as oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) in immunosuppressed patients. However, the cellular mechanism(s) that enable EBV to establish exclusively lytic infection in normal differentiated oral epithelial cells are not currently understood.

A competency matrix for global oral health.

The Lancet Commission on Education of Health Professionals for the 21(st) Century calls for enhancing health education for the needs and challenges of the 21st century to improve health status globally. To complement the Lancet report, this article makes recommendations for including core global health competencies in the education of health care professionals and specific groups of the public who are relevant to oral health in a global context in order to tackle the burden of oral diseases. Experts from various professional backgrounds developed global oral health competencies for four target groups: Group 1 was defined as dental students, residents/trainee specialists (or equivalent), and dentists; Group 2 was community health workers, dental hygienists, and dental therapists (or the equivalent); Group 3 was health professionals such as physicians, physician assistants, nurses, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists; and Group 4 was non-health professionals in the public arena such as parents, teachers, decision makers, key opinion leaders, and health and consumer advocates.

The SSB-positive/SSA-negative antibody profile is not associated with key phenotypic features of Sjögren's syndrome.

Objective: To determine whether the Sjögren's syndrome B (SSB)-positive/Sjögren's syndrome A (SSA)-negative antibody profile is associated with key phenotypic features of SS.

Methods: Among registrants in the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) with possible or established SS, we compared anti-SSA/anti-SSB reactivity profiles against concurrent phenotypic features. We fitted logistic regression models to explore the association between anti-SSA/anti-SSB reactivity profile and each key SS phenotypic feature, controlling for potential confounders.

Rare diagnosis of IgG4-related systemic disease by lip biopsy in an international Sjögren syndrome registry.

IgG4-related disease has been recently defined as a distinct clinic-pathologic entity, characterized by dense IgG-4 plasmacytic infiltration of diverse organs, fibrosis, and tumefactive lesions. Salivary and lacrimal glands are a target of this disease and, when affected, may clinically resemble Küttner tumor, Mikulicz disease, or orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. In some patients, the disease is systemic, with metachronous involvement of multiple organs, including the pancreas, aorta, kidneys, and biliary tract.

Biobanking past, present and future: responsibilities and benefits.

The review explores the field of biobanking as it has evolved from a simple collection of frozen specimens to the virtual biobank. Biorepository and biospecimen science has evolved in response to the changing landscape of external regulatory pressures, the advances made in the biological sciences, and the advent of the computer chip. Biospecimen banking is a growing enterprise crucial to health science research and other biological sciences.

The Cancer-Associated Virus Landscape in HIV Patients with Oral Hairy Leukoplakia, Kaposi's Sarcoma, and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Although HIV-positive patients are at higher risk for developing a variety of infection-related cancers, the prevalence of infections with the seven known cancer-associated viruses has not been studied. Luciferase immunoprecipitation systems were used to evaluate antiviral antibodies in four 23-person groups: healthy blood donors and HIV-infected patients with oral hairy leukoplakia (OLP), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Antibody profiling revealed that all HIV-positive individuals were strongly seropositive for anti-gp41 and antireverse transcriptase antibodies.

Periodontal disease in HIV/AIDS.

Since the early 1990's, the death rate from AIDS among adults has declined in most developed countries, largely because of newer antiretroviral therapies and improved access to these therapies. In addition, from 2006 to 2011, the total number of new cases of HIV infection worldwide has declined somewhat and has remained relatively constant. Nevertheless, because of the large numbers of existing and new cases of HIV infection, the dental practitioner and other healthcare practitioners will still be required to treat oral and periodontal conditions unique to HIV/AIDS as well as conventional periodontal diseases in HIV-infected adults and children.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome as a systemic disease: a study of participants enrolled in an international Sjögren's syndrome registry.

Objective: To study the prevalence of extraglandular manifestations in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) among participants enrolled in the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) Registry.

Methods: A total of 1,927 participants in the SICCA registry were studied, including 886 participants who met the 2002 American-European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria for primary SS, 830 "intermediate" cases who had some objective findings of primary SS but did not meet AECG criteria, and 211 control individuals. We studied the prevalence of immunologic and hematologic laboratory abnormalities, specific rheumatologic examination findings, and physician-confirmed thyroid, liver, and kidney disease, as well as lymphoma among SICCA participants.

Associations between salivary gland histopathologic diagnoses and phenotypic features of Sjögren's syndrome among 1,726 registry participants.

Objective: To examine associations between labial salivary gland (LSG) histopathology and other phenotypic features of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods: The database of the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA), a registry of patients with symptoms of possible SS as well as those with obvious disease, was used for the present study. LSG biopsy specimens from SICCA participants were subjected to protocol-directed histopathologic assessments.

A simplified quantitative method for assessing keratoconjunctivitis sicca from the Sjögren's Syndrome International Registry.

Purpose: To describe, apply, and test a new ocular grading system for assessing keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) using lissamine green and fluorescein.

Design: Prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study.

Methods: The National Institutes of Health-funded Sjögren's Syndrome International Registry (called Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance [SICCA]) is developing standardized classification criteria for Sjögren syndrome (SS) and is creating a biospecimen bank for future research.

Oral candidiasis as a marker of HIV disease progression among Zimbabwean women.

Objectives: To estimate oral disease prevalence among Zimbabwean women by HIV serostatus and CD4 cell count and to assess accuracy of oral disease diagnoses made by nurses as compared with an oral surgeon.

Methods: Standardized oral mucosa examinations were performed by trained nurse-examiners and by an oral surgeon among women recruited in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Results: A total of 461 women (320 HIV-infected, 141 uninfected) were seen by nurses and an oral surgeon within a 2-week period.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected monocytes facilitate dissemination of EBV within the oral mucosal epithelium.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes hairy leukoplakia (HL), a benign lesion of oral epithelium that occurs primarily in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated immunodeficiency. However, the mechanisms of EBV infection of oral epithelium are poorly understood. Analysis of HL tissues shows a small number of EBV-positive intraepithelial macrophages and dendritic/Langerhans cells.

Oral lesions among persons with HIV disease with and without highly active antiretroviral therapy in southern India.

Background: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the scenario of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV patients in India have now access to generic HAART and this is the first report describing oral lesions in patients on HAART from our country.

Methods: Oral lesions were studied in HIV seropositive patients (n = 50 on HAART and n = 50 not on HAART) attending a tertiary HIV referral care centre in India and patients on HAART were followed up.

Longitudinal evaluation of loss of attachment in HIV-infected women compared to HIV-uninfected women.

Background: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) is the largest, most detailed, controlled longitudinal collection of data to evaluate the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and its therapies on the periodontium.

Methods: This report evaluates periodontal probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), and tooth loss from 584 HIV-seropositive and 151 HIV-seronegative women, recorded at 6-month intervals from 1995 to 2002. Using the random split-mouth method, PD and AL were recorded from four sites per tooth: mesial-buccal, buccal, distal-buccal, and lingual.

The effect of HAART on salivary microbiota in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).

Objective: Study the prevalence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in saliva of HIV-positive women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study.

Study Design: 157 HIV-positive and 31 HIV-negative women were studied. At baseline and every 6 months over 4 years, information was collected on socioeconomic and educational status, oral and systemic health, including HIV markers and antiretroviral therapy, and frequency of professional oral care utilization.

Oral lesions in infection with human immunodeficiency virus.

This paper discusses the importance of oral lesions as indicators of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and as predictors of progression of HIV disease to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Oral manifestations are among the earliest and most important indicators of infection with HIV. Seven cardinal lesions, oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi sarcoma, linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which are strongly associated with HIV infection, have been identified and internationally calibrated, and are seen in both developed and developing countries.