Outcome Prediction Using Multi-Modal Information: Integrating Large Language Model-Extracted Clinical Information and Image Analysis.

Survival prediction post-cystectomy is essential for the follow-up care of bladder cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate artificial intelligence (AI)-large language models (LLMs) for extracting clinical information and improving image analysis, with an initial application involving predicting five-year survival rates of patients after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Data were retrospectively collected from medical records and CT urograms (CTUs) of bladder cancer patients between 2001 and 2020.

Survival Prediction of Patients with Bladder Cancer after Cystectomy Based on Clinical, Radiomics, and Deep-Learning Descriptors.

Accurate survival prediction for bladder cancer patients who have undergone radical cystectomy can improve their treatment management. However, the existing predictive models do not take advantage of both clinical and radiological imaging data. This study aimed to fill this gap by developing an approach that leverages the strengths of clinical (C), radiomics (R), and deep-learning (D) descriptors to improve survival prediction.

Significantly Lower Physical Activity Participation in Individuals with Chronic Pancreatitis Compared to Controls: An Exploratory Study of Objectively Assessed Physical Activity Levels.

Introduction: The beneficial effects of exercise and physical activity (PA) have been demonstrated in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Knowledge on PA levels is unknown in the chronic pancreatitis population, and there are currently no specific PA recommendations for this condition.

Methods: PA was measured objectively over a 7-day period in 17 individuals with chronic pancreatitis using an accelerometer (ActiGraph) and in 15 controls, matched for age, sex, and body mass index.

A cross-sectional follow-up study of physical activity in adults with moderate and severe haemophilia.

Aim: To conduct a cross-sectional follow-up assessment of physical activity (PA) in people with moderate and severe haemophilia (PwMSH) from the Irish Personalised Approach to the Treatment of Haemophilia (iPATH) study.

Methods: Between June-December 2021, participants' PA was measured over one week using accelerometery, and was compared with their previously measured data from the original iPATH assessment. Self-awareness of PA and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on PA, pain, mobility and function were retrospectively examined using a survey.

Heterogeneity in the half-life of factor VIII concentrate in patients with hemophilia A is due to variability in the clearance of endogenous von Willebrand factor.

Background: Previous studies have reported marked interindividual variation in factor VIII (FVIII) clearance in patients with hemophilia (PWH) and proposed a number of factors that influence this heterogeneity.

Objectives: To investigate the importance of the clearance rates of endogenous von Willebrand factor (VWF) compared with those of other FVIII half-life modifiers in adult PWH.

Methods: The half-life of recombinant FVIII was determined in a cohort of 61 adult PWH.

Physical activity, physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk amongst adults with moderate and severe haemophilia.

Aim: This study aimed to examine physical activity (PA), physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk amongst people with moderate and severe haemophilia (PwMSH).

Methods: The following domains were examined: PA (accelerometry); functional aerobic capacity (6-Minute Walk Test); grip strength (dynamometry); balance (One Leg Stand Test); body composition (anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis); blood pressure; arterial stiffness; and cardiometabolic disorders.

Results: A total of 53 PwMSH (44 years) and 33 controls (43 years; p = .

Differential Effects of Dietary versus Exercise Intervention on Intrahepatic MAIT Cells and Histological Features of NAFLD.

Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells promote inflammation in obesity and are implicated in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, as the intrahepatic MAIT cell response to lifestyle intervention in NAFLD has not been investigated, this work aimed to examine circulating and intrahepatic MAIT cell populations in patients with NAFLD, after either 12 weeks of dietary intervention (DI) or aerobic exercise intervention (EI).

Methods: Multicolour flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype circulating and intrahepatic MAIT cells and measure MAIT cell expression (median fluorescence intensity, MFI) of the activation marker CD69 and apoptotic marker CD95.

Predictors of Submaximal Exercise Test Attainment in Adults Reporting Long COVID Symptoms.

Adults with long COVID often report intolerance to exercise. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been used in many settings to measure exercise ability but has been conducted in a few long COVID cohorts. We conducted CPET in a sample of adults reporting long COVID symptoms using a submaximal cycle ergometer protocol.

A Review of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Responses to Active Standing in Healthy Adults.

Objectives: This review outlines the normal heart rate and blood pressure response to active standing, the physiological mechanisms governing these, and the effect of ageing on the responses.

Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify articles investigating the normal heart rate and/or blood pressure response to standing.

Results: Heart rate when standing increases and then decreases and recovers to baseline.

Physical activity for chronic pancreatitis: a systematic review.

Background: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. Sarcopenia is a degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength and is commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis. Regular physical activity and adequate functional fitness have been found to ameliorate the risk and effects of sarcopenia in other chronic diseases.

Pain and functional disability amongst adults with moderate and severe haemophilia from the Irish personalised approach to the treatment of haemophilia (iPATH) study.

Objectives: To establish the prevalence of pain and functional disability in Irish adults with moderate and severe haemophilia, and to examine demographic and lifestyle influences.

Methods: Males ≥18 years with moderate or severe haemophilia participated. Pain and function were examined using the PROBE questionnaire.

A systematic review of physical activity in people with haemophilia and its relationship with bleeding phenotype and treatment regimen.

Introduction: Although the measurement of physical activity (PA) amongst people with haemophilia (PWH) has become increasingly widespread in recent years, the relationship between PA and bleeding phenotype remains poorly understood. In addition, the influence of various treatment regimens on this relationship has not been defined.

Aim: This review aimed to systematically assess the data that are available regarding PA levels amongst PWH, as well as the relationship between PA and bleeding.

Improvement in cognitive impairment following a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention in individuals with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C.

Cognitive impairment occurs in 30%-50% of patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Exercise is beneficial in preventing and treating cognitive impairment and cardiometabolic abnormalities in many chronic inflammatory diseases, but there are few studies investigating the impact of exercise in HCV infection. The study aimed to assess the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on cognition and extrahepatic manifestations in individuals with HCV.

Determinants of Physical Activity Engagement in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Need for an Individualized Approach to Lifestyle Interventions.

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) is an important non-pharmacological treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated the determinants of PA engagement and awareness of the World Health Organization (WHO) PA guidelines in patients with NAFLD.

Methods: Study participants were 101 patients with NAFLD (median age: 54 [IQR = 15] y; 53 men and 48 women) who completed 4 questionnaires: (1) a PA guideline awareness questionnaire; (2) a PA questionnaire assessing PA levels; and (3) 2 questionnaires assessing perceived barriers and motivators for engaging in PA.

Improvement in histological endpoints of MAFLD following a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention.

Background: Lifestyle interventions are the primary treatment for metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the histological and cardiometabolic effects of aerobic exercise in MAFLD remain unclear.

Aims: To assess the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on histological and cardiometabolic endpoints in MAFLD.

Comparison of energy expenditure of tasks in standing and sitting in adolescent girls.

Background: Adolescent girls are prone to increased sedentary behavior and are more sedentary than their male peers or younger girls. This study compared the energy required for identical tasks in standing and sitting.

Method: Energy expenditure (EE) was measured using indirect calorimetry (n = 24) in four tasks (sitting/standing quietly; reading; typing; sorting paper) under two postural conditions (sitting; standing).

Low Dose Resistance Exercise: A Pilot Study Examining Effects on Blood Pressure and Augmentation Index Between Intensities.

Introduction: The effects of resistance exercise on vascular function are unclear.

Aim: To investigate the acute haemodynamic (blood pressure and augmentation index) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) response to two types of resistance exercises of equal workload-a set of unilateral 35% of one repetition maximum (1RM) quadriceps extension and a set of unilateral 70% 1RM quadriceps extension.

Methods: Twenty two young healthy males completed both exercises on separate days.

Aerobic exercise increases hippocampal subfield volumes in younger adults and prevents volume decline in the elderly.

Exercise improves both physical and mental health and increases neurogenesis in the dendate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to examine whether exercising, as compared to no change in regular physical activity, would impact on hippocampal volume, and in particular the core hippocampal structures, DG and cornu ammonis (CA) subfields, and whether any changes would be moderated by age. Thirty nine previously sedentary healthy participants were randomized to either a standardized progressive aerobic exercise program or to "no change" for 16 weeks.

The risk, burden, and management of non-communicable diseases in cerebral palsy: a scoping review.

Aim: To examine the risk, burden, and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among people with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: Databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase Ovid, CINAHL Plus) were systematically searched up to August 2017. Data on the prevalence of risk factors for, and the burden and management of, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and respiratory diseases were extracted.

In-class Active Video Game Supplementation and Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Purpose: The application of active video games (AVGs) during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) sessions could potentially facilitate patient adherence. The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of in-class AVG supplementation as an alternative to conventional phase 2 programs were investigated.

Methods: A pilot, evaluator-blinded, intention-to-treat, randomized controlled trial recruited 32 low-moderate risk CR participants and allocated them to conventional or AVG-supplemented exercise.

Physical Activity is Associated with Metabolic Health in Men Living with HIV.

Metabolic health is a cause for concern among those living with HIV, especially those on antiretroviral therapy. Physical activity (PA) is known to benefit metabolic health, however, few studies have objectively measured PA or investigated the relationship between PA and metabolic health among those living with HIV. In this study, PA and indices of metabolic health among twenty men living with HIV and twenty age matched HIV-negative men were measured.

The effects of a 16-week aerobic exercise programme on cognitive function in people living with HIV.

High levels of cardiovascular fitness and physical activity are associated with higher levels of cognitive function in people with HIV, thus, they may reduce the risk of developing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 16-week aerobic exercise intervention on cognitive function in people with HIV. Eleven participants living with HIV were recruited into the study.

Longitudinal functional connectivity changes correlate with mood improvement after regular exercise in a dose-dependent fashion.

Exercise increases wellbeing and improves mood. It is however unclear how these mood changes relate to brain function. We conducted a randomized controlled trial investigating resting-state modifications in healthy adults after an extended period of aerobic physical exercise and their relationship with mood improvements.