Subclinical thyrotoxicosis in an outpatient population - predictors of outcome.

Objective: Individuals with endogenous subclinical thyrotoxicosis (SCT) may subsequently require treatment for overt disease. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of progression to hyperthyroidism and factors influencing this outcome.

Design: This is a retrospective analysis of outcome in 96 consecutive patients (aged 16-91 years) diagnosed with SCT over a 6-year period.

Juvenile thyrotoxicosis--a South Island, New Zealand experience with long-term outcome.

Aim: To assess our experience in the management of juvenile thyrotoxicosis.

Method: Retrospective review of thyroid clinic records of juvenile (<16 y) thyrotoxic (JT) patients treated at thyroid clinic between 1972 and 1999. Long-term (>8 y) treatment outcome was assessed.

Jasmonate and phytochrome A signaling in Arabidopsis wound and shade responses are integrated through JAZ1 stability.

Jasmonate (JA) activates plant defense, promotes pollen maturation, and suppresses plant growth. An emerging theme in JA biology is its involvement in light responses; here, we examine the interdependence of the JA- and light-signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that mutants deficient in JA biosynthesis and signaling are deficient in a subset of high irradiance responses in far-red (FR) light.

Arabidopsis 14-3-3 lambda is a positive regulator of RPW8-mediated disease resistance.

The RPW8 locus from Arabidopsis thaliana Ms-0 includes two functional paralogous genes (RPW8.1 and RPW8.2) and confers broad-spectrum resistance via the salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway to the biotrophic fungal pathogens Golovinomyces spp.

Wound-induced endogenous jasmonates stunt plant growth by inhibiting mitosis.

When plants are repeatedly injured their growth is stunted and the size of organs such as leaves is greatly reduced. The basis of this effect is not well-understood however, even though it reduces yield of crops injured by herbivory, and produces dramatic effects exemplified in ornamental bonsai plants. We have investigated the genetic and physiological basis of this "bonsai effect" by repeatedly wounding leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis.

Investigations into plant biochemical wound-response pathways involved in the production of aphid-induced plant volatiles.

Feeding damage to plants by insect herbivores induces the production of plant volatiles, which are attractive to the herbivores natural enemies. Little is understood about the plant biochemical pathways involved in aphid-induced plant volatile production. The aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae can detect and respond to aphid-induced volatiles produced by Arabidopsis thaliana.

Stress responses: JAZ players deliver fusion and rhythm.

How do stress-induced jasmonates cause genetic re-programming of plant cells? New research shows that the JAZ proteins provide the missing link.

Expression of the membrane-associated resistance protein RPW8 enhances basal defense against biotrophic pathogens.

The powdery mildew resistance genes RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 from Arabidopsis differ from the other isolated plant resistance (R) genes in their predicted protein domains and their resistance spectrum.

Expression profiling reveals COI1 to be a key regulator of genes involved in wound- and methyl jasmonate-induced secondary metabolism, defence, and hormone interactions.

The Arabidopsis gene COI1 is required for jasmonic acid (JA)-induced growth inhibition, resistance to insect herbivory, and resistance to pathogens. In addition, COI1 is also required for transcription of several genes induced by wounding or by JA. Here, we use microarray gene transcription profiling of wild type and coi1 mutant plants to examine the extent of the requirement of COI1 for JA-induced and wound-induced gene transcription.

The atypical resistance gene, RPW8, recruits components of basal defence for powdery mildew resistance in Arabidopsis.

Genetic studies have identified a number of components of signal transduction pathways leading to plant disease resistance and the accompanying hypersensitive response (HR) following detection of pathogens by plant resistance (R) genes. In Arabidopsis, the majority of R proteins so far characterized belong to a plant superfamily that have a central nucleotide-binding site and C-terminal leucine-rich-repeats (NB-LRRs). Another much less prevalent class comprises RPW8.

Origin and maintenance of a broad-spectrum disease resistance locus in Arabidopsis.

The broad-spectrum mildew resistance genes RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 define a unique type of plant disease resistance (R) gene, and so far homologous sequences have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana only, which suggests a recent origin.

ECG score predicts those with the greatest percentage of perfusion defects due to acute pulmonary thromboembolic disease.

Background: More aggressive management may be warranted for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and the greatest pulmonary vascular obstruction. We hypothesized that a scoring system based on the ECG might identify such patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients investigated for PE at Christchurch Hospital between 1997 and 2002 with high-probability ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan findings were studied.

Regulation of jasmonate-mediated plant responses in arabidopsis.

Jasmonates (JAs) are signalling molecules that play a key role in the regulation of metabolic processes, reproduction, and defence against pathogens and insects. JAs regulate responses that are both local and systemic, and which are affected by outputs from signalling pathways regulated by ethylene, salicylic acid and auxin. This is a review of recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of JA perception in Arabidopsis thaliana, the different signalling functions of biologically active JAs, the post-translational control of JA responses leading to substantial transcriptional reprogramming, and the influence of other signalling pathways of systemic JA responses.

The Arabidopsis genes RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 confer induced resistance to powdery mildew diseases in tobacco.

Plant disease resistance (R) gene products recognize pathogen avirulence (Avr) gene products and induce defense responses. It is not known if an R gene can function in different plant families, however. The Arabidopsis thaliana R genes RPW8.

Protein complexes mediate signalling in plant responses to hormones, light, sucrose and pathogens.

Living organisms use complex pathways of signal perception and transduction to respond to stimuli in their environments. In plants, putative signal transduction components have been identified through mutant screens and comparative analysis of genome sequences of model eukaryotes. Several pieces in a large series of puzzles have now been identified and a current challenge is to determine how these pieces interconnect.

Enhanced transcription of the Arabidopsis disease resistance genes RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 via a salicylic acid-dependent amplification circuit is required for hypersensitive cell death.

The Arabidopsis disease resistance (R) genes RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 couple the recognition of powdery mildew pathogens of this plant with the subsequent induction of a localized necrosis, or hypersensitive response (HR).

COI1 links jasmonate signalling and fertility to the SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex in Arabidopsis.

Jasmonates (JAs) regulate Arabidopsis thaliana wound and defence responses, pollen development, and stress-related growth inhibition. Significantly, each of these responses requires COI1, an F-box protein. Other F-box proteins interact with SKP1 and cullin proteins to form SCF complexes that selectively recruit regulatory proteins targeted for ubiquitination.

Constitutive activation of jasmonate signaling in an Arabidopsis mutant correlates with enhanced resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum, Pseudomonas syringae, and Myzus persicae.

In Arabidopsis spp., the jasmonate (JA) response pathway generally is required for defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and chewing insects, while the salicylic acid (SA) response pathway is generally required for specific, resistance (R) gene-mediated defenses against both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. For example, SA-dependent defenses are required for resistance to the biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum UCSC1 and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.

A conditionally fertile coi1 allele indicates cross-talk between plant hormone signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds and young seedlings.

Jasmonates (JAs) regulate Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. wound and defense responses, pollen development, and stress-related growth inhibition.

The Arabidopsis mutant cev1 links cell wall signaling to jasmonate and ethylene responses.

Biotic and abiotic stresses stimulate the synthesis of jasmonates and ethylene, which, in turn, induce the expression of genes involved in stress response and enhance defense responses. The cev1 mutant has constitutive expression of stress response genes and has enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens. Here, we show that cev1 plants have increased production of jasmonate and ethylene and that its phenotype is suppressed by mutations that interrupt jasmonate and ethylene signaling.