Analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis population for Surgical Site Infection Risk Factors.

Objective: The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing surgical correction varies but is commonly reported between 0.5 and 6.7 %.

Prophylactic Spinal Cord Untethering in Children with Spinal Dysraphism Undergoing Thoracolumbar Fusion for Scoliosis.

Background: It remains unclear whether spinal cord untethering is necessary to reduce the chances of neurologic decline in children with myelomeningocele and complex closed spinal dysraphism who undergo thoracolumbar fusion for scoliosis. We sought to determine the neurologic and functional outcomes of children with spinal dysraphism undergoing spinal fusion for scoliosis with and without prophylactic spinal cord untethering.

Methods: Retrospective, single-center review of patients with spinal dysraphism treated with thoracolumbar fusion over the last 10 years (2009-2019) with or without prophylactic spinal cord untethering.

Nonoperative management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using braces.

This review presents the state of the art according to the current evidence on nonoperative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, focusing on bracing. The definition of braces for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and a short history are provided. The analysis includes biomechanics, types, existing classifications, indications for treatment, time of brace wear and weaning, adherence, three-dimensional modeling, use of ultrasound imaging for bracing, management of treatment, issue of immediate in-brace correction, and documentation of the outcomes usually assessed for brace treatment, including the quality-of-life issues.

Biomechanical Effects of Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis Design Features on 3D Correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Comprehensive Multicenter Study.

Study Design: Multicenter numerical study.

Objective: To biomechanically analyze and compare various passive correction features of braces, designed by several centers with diverse practices, for three-dimensional (3D) correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Summary Of Background Data: A wide variety of brace designs exist, but their biomechanical effectiveness is not clearly understood.

Emergency department on-call status for pediatric orthopaedics: a survey of the POSNA membership.

Background: The emergency room on-call status of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons is an important factor affecting their practices and lifestyles and was last evaluated in 2006.

Methods: The entire membership of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) was surveyed in 2010 for information regarding their emergency room on-call status with 382 surveys returned of over 1000 e-mailed to members of POSNA. Detailed information about on-call coverage, support, and frequency was obtained in answers to 14 different questions.

Development of a 3-Dimensional Back Contour Imaging System for Monitoring Scoliosis Progression in Children.

Study Design: Control study.

Objectives: To present a new surface topography system capable of taking 3-dimensional (3D) spine measurements, to establish baseline values for the measured parameters in a typically developing population, and to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reproducibility of these parameters.

Summary Of Background Data: Cumulative exposure to radiation from diagnostic radiographs increases patient risk for cancer development.

Insole-pressure distribution for normal children in different age groups.

Background: In measuring plantar pressures during gait, earlier methods have used a platform system that does not take into account the interactions feet have with orthotics and shoe wearing. The purpose of the study was to provide normal insole plantar pressure parameter data during stance phase using the Pedar pressure insole system.

Methods: Twenty-nine normal children, age 6 to 16 years, were recruited and walked along the 25 m walkway at self-selected speeds.

MRI pathoanatomy study of congenital vertical talus.

Background: Prior reports regarding the pathologic anatomy for congenital vertical talus have noted some disagreement as to which elements of the pathologic anatomy are consistently present. The purpose of his study is to evaluate the 3-dimensional morphologic changes and pathoanatomy of the congenital vertical talus using magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: Nine patients with congenital vertical talus (ranging from 5 mo-11 y) underwent magnetic resonance imaging of both feet.

Gabapentin use in pediatric spinal fusion patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Background: Gabapentin has opioid-sparing effects in adult surgical patients, but no reported studies have involved children and adolescents. In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we examined whether gabapentin decreases postoperative opioid consumption for pediatric spinal fusion patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods: Patients, aged 9 to 18 years, received preoperative gabapentin (15 mg/kg, treatment) or placebo.

Reliability of a functional classification system in the monitoring of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Study Design: Patients with scoliosis from 1999 to 2001 were monitored using radiographs and the Quantec Spinal Imaging System (Quantec) to validate the Functional Classification System (FCS) developed at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin (CHW).

Objective: To determine the accuracy of the FCS.

Summary Of Background Data: The authors evaluated different noninvasive ways of evaluating the scoliotic spine.

Severe osteomyelitis caused by Myceliophthora thermophila after a pitchfork injury.

Background: Traumatic injuries occurring in agricultural settings are often associated with infections caused by unusual organisms. Such agents may be difficult to isolate, identify, and treat effectively.

Case Report: A 4-year-old boy developed an extensive infection of his knee and distal femur following a barnyard pitchfork injury.

Correlation of foot radiographs with foot function as analyzed by plantar pressure distribution.

The goal of this study was to correlate radiographic measurements to the dynamic plantar pressure of the residual clubfoot. This was done by comparing radiographs and EMED plantar pressure results in 61 idiopathic clubfeet in 39 children at an average of 8 years after complete subtalar release. Radiographic measures were obtained using the standard method outlined by Simons, and pressure data were collected for eight regions of the foot.

Dynamic plantar pressure measurement for the normal subject: Free-mapping model for the analysis of pediatric foot deformities.

In measuring plantar pressures during gait, prior methods have divided the foot into five regions and neglected forefoot alignment as it is involved in intoeing and outtoeing. The authors' proposed free-mapping method divides the foot into nine regions and incorporates a pedobarograph foot progression angle. The purpose of the study was to provide normal pressure parameter data during stance phase using a free-mapping model.

Reproducibility of spinal back-contour measurements taken with raster stereography in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

200 children with a mean age of 12.7 years were measured with the Quantec Spinal Image System (QSIS), which uses computerized raster stereography technology. The aim of the study was to assess the intraobserver reproducibility of QSIS metrics in scoliosis patients and to quantify the effect of postural sway on the measurements.

Effects of trunk position on back surface-contour measured by raster stereophotography.

A study of the contour of the surface of the back was conducted using the Quantec spinal image system (QSIS; raster stereophotography) and the Vicon 3-dimensional (3-D) motion analysis system with a plaster model of the scoliotic spine. With postural changes in 3 dimensions came alterations in the surface shape of the back. Most changes in QSIS parameters occurred in the coronal plane.