Effects on HbA1c of referral of type 2 diabetes patients to secondary care.

Aim: To study trajectories of HbA1c in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients referred to diabetes outpatient clinics (DOCs), and to explore characteristics of referrals and patient pathways in patients treated in DOCs.

Methods: We retrospectively followed T2D patients from the Norwegian population-based ROSA 4 study to identify persons with T2D who were referred to a DOC. We used latent class trajectory modelling to identify subgroups of patients with similar patterns of HbA1c one year before to one year after the first consultation at a DOC.

Prevalence and risk factors for impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia: A registry-based study of 10,202 adults with type 1 diabetes in Norway.

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) and examine risk factors for IAH in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a population-based registry study of 10,202 adults (≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes using data from the Norwegian Diabetes Register for Adults. The registry used the 1-item Gold scale, measuring hypoglycaemia symptom awareness.

Women Suffered More Than Men Both During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Cross-Sectional Study Among 29,079 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the gender differences and the disparities between infected and noninfected patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) regarding patient-reported experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway.

Method: Register study using questionnaires sent electronically to patients with T2D, June 2022. The questionnaire included 82 questions covering COVID-19 disease, symptoms, medications, comorbidities, hospital care, possibility of working from home and information received from health authorities.

A register-based study describing time trends in risk factor control and serious hypoglycaemia together with the effects of starting continuous glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes in Norway.

Aims: To describe trends in risk factor control and serious hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes and to assess the effect of starting continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the real-world setting.

Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys including 5746 individuals in 2012 and 18,984 individuals in 2020 based on data recorded in the Norwegian Diabetes Register for Adults (NDR-A) and an analysis of a longitudinal cohort of 2057 individuals where data on CGM and HbA1c were available in the NDR-A in 2012 and 2020.

Results: In the cross-sectional surveys mean HbA1c decreased from 66 mmol/mol (99% CI 65, 66) (8.

High prevalence of retinopathy in young-onset type 2 diabetes and possible sex differences: insights from Norwegian general practice.

Introduction: People with young-onset type 2 diabetes (YOD), defined as diabetes diagnosis before age 40, have a high lifetime risk of vascular complications. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of YOD among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Norwegian general practice and explore associations between age at diabetes diagnosis and retinopathy overall and in men and women.

Research Design And Methods: We collected cross-sectional data from general practice electronic medical records of 10 241 adults with T2D in 2014, and repeated measurements of hemoglobin A (HbA) from 2012 to 2014.

Privacy Concerns Related to Data Sharing for European Diabetes Devices.

Background: Individuals with diabetes rely on medical equipment (eg, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), hybrid closed-loop systems) and mobile applications to manage their condition, providing valuable data to health care providers. Data sharing from this equipment is regulated via Terms of Service (ToS) and Privacy Policy documents. The introduction of the Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) and In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation (IVDR) in the European Union has established updated rules for medical devices, including software.

Diabetes Distress and Associations With Demographic and Clinical Variables: A Nationwide Population-Based Registry Study of 10,186 Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in Norway.

Objective: To estimate diabetes distress prevalence and associations with demographic and clinical variables among adults with type 1 diabetes in Norway.

Research Design And Methods: In this nationwide population-based registry study, the 20-item Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-20) questionnaire was sent to 16,255 adults with type 1 diabetes. Linear regression models examined associations of demographic and clinical variables with distress.

Intensified follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes and poor glycaemic control: a multicentre quality improvement collaborative based on data from the Norwegian Diabetes Register for Adults.

Background: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and poor glycaemic control are at high risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. The aim of this study was to determine if a quality improvement collaborative (QIC) initiated by the Norwegian Diabetes Register for adults (NDR-A) could reduce the proportion of patients with T1DM with poor glycaemic control (defined as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)≥75 mmol/mol) and reduce mean HbA1c at participating clinics compared with 14 control clinics.

Method: Multicentre study with controlled before and after design.

Level of education is associated with coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a population-based study.

Introduction: To study the relationship between education level and vascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Norway.

Research Design And Methods: Multiregional population-based cross-sectional study of individuals with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Data were extracted from electronic medical records in the period 2012-2014.

Fear of Covid 19 during the third wave of infection in Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To study the fear of Covid 19 infection among Norwegian patients with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Fear of Covid 19 scale, a validated scale assessing the fear of Covid 19, was sent electronically to 16255 patients with type 1 diabetes in May 2021. The items are rated on a scale from 1 to 5 (total scores from 7 to 35).

International comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes: an update and extension.

Aims: To update and extend a previous cross-sectional international comparison of glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Data were obtained for 520,392 children and adults with type 1 diabetes from 17 population and five clinic-based data sources in countries or regions between 2016 and 2020. Median HbA (IQR) and proportions of individuals with HbA < 58 mmol/mol (<7.

High adherence to recommended diabetes follow-up procedures by general practitioners is associated with lower estimated cardiovascular risk.

Aims: To explore whether the general practitioners' (GPs') performance of recommended processes of care was associated with estimated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and poor glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study from Norwegian general practice including 6015 people with type 2 diabetes <75 years old, without CVD and their 275 GPs. The GPs were split into quintiles based on each GP's average performance of six recommended processes of care.

Factors associated with treatment in primary versus specialist care: A population-based study of people with type 2 and type 1 diabetes.

Aims: The objectives of this study are to identify the proportion and characteristics of people with type 1 and 2 diabetes treated in primary, specialist and shared care and to identify the proportion of persons with type 2 diabetes reaching HbA treatment targets and the clinical risk factors and general practitioner and practice characteristics associated with treatment in specialist care.

Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study including all adults ≥18 years diagnosed with diabetes in primary and specialist care in Salten, Norway. We used multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models with level of care as outcome variable and population, general practitioner, and practice characteristics as exposure variables.

Factors associated with potential over- and undertreatment of hyperglycaemia and annual measurement of HbA in type 2 diabetes in norwegian general practice.

Aims: To identify individual and general practitioner (GP) characteristics associated with potential over- and undertreatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes and with HbA not being measured.

Methods: A cross-sectional study that included 10233 individuals with type 2 diabetes attending 282 GPs. Individuals with an HbA measurement during the last 15 months were categorized as potentially overtreated if they were prescribed a sulphonylurea and/or insulin when the HbA was less than 53 mmol/mol (7%) when aged over 75 years or less than 48 mmol/mol (6.

Variation between general practitioners in type 2 diabetes processes of care.

Aims: To explore variation in general practitioners' (GPs') performance of six recommended procedures in type 2 diabetes patients <75 years without cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of quality of diabetes care in Norway based on electronic health records from 2014. GPs (clustered in practices) were divided in quintiles based on a composite measure of performance of six processes of care.

Effect of a telemedicine intervention for diabetes-related foot ulcers on health, well-being and quality of life: secondary outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial (DiaFOTo).

Background: Follow-up care provided via telemedicine (TM) is intended to be a more integrated care pathway to manage diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU) than traditionally-delivered healthcare. However, knowledge of the effect of TM follow-up on PROMs including self-reported health, well-being and QOL in patients with DFUs is lacking and often neglected in RCT reports in general. Therefore, in this study of secondary outcomes from the DiaFOTo trial, the aim was to compare changes in self-reported health, well-being and QOL between patients with DFUs receiving telemedicine follow-up care in primary healthcare in collaboration with specialist healthcare, and patients receiving standard outpatient care.

Chest radiograph at admission predicts early intubation among inpatient COVID-19 patients.

Objective: The 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) results in a wide range of clinical severity and there remains a need for prognostic tools which identify patients at risk of rapid deterioration and who require critical care. Chest radiography (CXR) is routinely obtained at admission of COVID-19 patients. However, little is known regarding correlates between CXR severity and time to intubation.

The total prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and the quality of diabetes care for the adult population in Salten, Norway.

To assess the total prevalence of types 1 and 2 diabetes and to describe and compare cardiovascular risk factors, vascular complications and the quality of diabetes care in adults with types 1 and 2 diabetes in Salten, Norway. Cross-sectional study including all patients with diagnosed diabetes in primary and specialist care in Salten, 2014 (population 80,338). Differences in cardiovascular risk factors, prevalence of vascular complications and attained treatment targets between diabetes types were assessed using regression analyses.

Availability and analytical quality of hemoglobin A1c point-of-care testing in general practitioners' offices are associated with better glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Background It is not clear if point-of-care (POC) testing for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is associated with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we linked general practitioner (GP) data on 22,778 Norwegian type 2 diabetes patients to data from the Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations. We used general and generalized linear mixed models to investigate if GP offices' availability (yes/no) and analytical quality of HbA1c POC testing (average yearly "trueness score", 0-4), as well as frequency of participation in HbA1c external quality assurance (EQA) surveys, were associated with patients' HbA1c levels during 2014-2017.

Intravenous Immunomodulatory Nanoparticle Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: There are currently no definitive disease-modifying therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we present a strong therapeutic candidate for TBI, immunomodulatory nanoparticles (IMPs), which ablate a specific subset of hematogenous monocytes (hMos). We hypothesized that prevention of infiltration of these cells into brain acutely after TBI would attenuate secondary damage and preserve anatomic and neurologic function.

Ethnic and gender differences in the management of type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study from Norwegian general practice.

Background: Ethnic minority groups from Asia and Africa living in Western countries have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) than the general population. We aimed to assess ethnic differences in diabetes care by gender.

Methods: Population-based, cross-sectional study identified 10,161 individuals with T2DM cared for by 282 General Practitioners (GP) in Norway.

Spinal Cord Injury Results in Chronic Mechanical Stiffening.

Gliosis and fibrosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) lead to formation of a scar that is thought to present both molecular and mechanical barriers to neuronal regeneration. The scar consists of a meshwork of reactive glia and deposited, cross-linked, extracellular matrix (ECM) that has long been assumed to present a mechanically "stiff" blockade. However, remarkably little quantitative information is available about the rheological properties of chronically injured spinal tissue.

Exploring the relationship between coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of secondary prevention among diabetes patients.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are the major causes of death among people with diabetes.

Aim: To describe the prevalence and onset of CHD and stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care in Norway, and explore the quality of secondary prevention.

Design & Setting: A cross-sectional study of data was undertaken from electronic medical records (EMRs) of 10 255 patients with T2DM in general practice.

Are general practitioners characteristics associated with the quality of type 2 diabetes care in general practice? Results from the Norwegian ROSA4 study from 2014.

Objective: To explore the associations between general practitioners (GPs) characteristics such as gender, specialist status, country of birth and country of graduation and the quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting And Subjects: The 277 GPs provided care for 10082 patients with T2DM in Norway in 2014.