Associations among Milk Microbiota, Milk Fatty Acids, Milk Glycans, and Inflammation from Lactating Holstein Cows.

Milk oligosaccharides (MOs) can be prebiotic and antiadhesive, while fatty acids (MFAs) can be antimicrobial. Both have been associated with milk microbes or mammary gland inflammation in humans. Relationships between these milk components and milk microbes or inflammation have not been determined for cows and could help elucidate a novel approach for the dairy industry to promote desired milk microbial composition for improvement of milk quality and reduction of milk waste.

A Low-Starch and High-Fiber Diet Intervention Impacts the Microbial Community of Raw Bovine Milk.

Background: A more sustainable dairy cow diet was designed that minimizes use of feed components digestible by monogastric animals by increasing the quantity of forages.

Objectives: This study determined if feeding lactating cows the more sustainable, low-starch and high-fiber (LSHF) diet was associated with changes in raw milk microbiota composition and somatic cell count (SCC).

Methods: In a crossover design, 76 lactating Holstein cows were assigned to an LSHF diet or a high-starch and low-fiber (HSLF) diet, similar to common dairy cow diets in the United States, for 10 wk then placed on the opposite diet for 10 wk.

Dietary Fiber to Starch Ratio Affects Bovine Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles.

Background: Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) have several demonstrated and hypothesized benefits including roles in cognitive development and antipathogenic activities, making them promising ingredients for infant formulas and nutraceutical applications. BMO extraction from bovine milk is challenged by low concentrations relative to nonbioactive simple sugars like lactose. BMO abundances are known to vary with a cow's lactation stage, breed, and parity, but these characteristics are difficult to modify in existing dairy herds.

Effects of red raspberry polyphenols and metabolites on the biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.

Berry fruits are rich in polyphenolic compounds (PCs) and may promote health benefits. Anthocyanin (ACN) concentrations of red raspberry (RR) () extracts were 887.6 ± 262.

Identification of High and Low Branched-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Phenotypes in Holstein Cows following High-Forage and Low-Forage Diets in a Crossover Designed Trial.

Background: Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are rumen-derived fatty acids comprising ∼2% of bovine-milk fatty acids. BCFAs possess anti-inflammatory properties and enriching the BCFA content of bovine milk may provide human health benefits.

Objective: We determined whether forage content impacts the BCFA content of milk from Holstein cows and identified fatty acid phenotypes in high vs.

USDA's FoodData Central: what is it and why is it needed today?

FoodData Central (FDC) is the center of the USDA-based food-composition information web. It is an integrated data system that presently provides-in 1 place-5 distinct types of data containing information on food and nutrient profiles. Each data type has a unique purpose.

The Young Age and Plant-Based Diet Hypothesis for Low SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), in December 2019, the infection has spread around the globe. Some of the risk factors include social distancing, mask wearing, hand washing with soap, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and dysbiosis. Evidence has shown the incidence of total infection and death rates to be lower in sub-Saharan Africa when compared with North Africa, Europe and North America and many other parts of the world.

Optimizing Radiology Reading Room Design: The Eudaimonia Radiology Machine.

Physical and mental stressors on radiologists can result in burnout. Although current efforts seek to target the issues of burnout and stress for radiologists, the impact of their physical workspace is often overlooked. By combining evidence-based design, human factors, and the architectural concept of the Eudaimonia Machine, we have developed a redesign of the radiology reading room that aims to create an optimal workspace for the radiologist.

Understanding the Intersection of Climate/Environmental Change, Health, Agriculture, and Improved Nutrition: A Case Study on Micronutrient Nutrition and Animal Source Foods.

With a growing global population, the demand for high-quality food to meet nutritional needs continues to increase. Our ability to meet those needs is challenged by a changing environment that includes constraints on land and water resources and growing concerns about the impact of human activity including agricultural practices on the changing climate. Adaptations that meet food/nutritional demands while avoiding unintended consequences including negatively affecting the environment are needed.

Toward Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems.

This article is based on a session at ASN 2019 entitled "Addressing the Four Domains of Sustainable Food Systems Science (Health, Economics, Society and the Environment): What Will It Take to Harmonize the Evidence to Advance the Field?" A summary of presentations is included. The presentations addressed the 4 principal domains of sustainability defined as nutrition/health, economics, environment, and society and the ways in which they are represented in current research. The session also introduced metrics and measures that are specific to each domain.

Determination of Soluble Mono, Di, and Oligosaccharide Content in 23 Dry Beans ().

Beans provide a rich source of plant-based proteins and carbohydrates. It is well documented in the literature that the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs: raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose) is linked with flatulence issues. In this study, the soluble sugar content of 23 dry beans was investigated using a newly developed and validated analytical method with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to an amperometric pulse detection.

Multivessel Versus Culprit-Vessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Cardiogenic Shock.

Objectives: This study sought to compare outcomes of patients enrolled in the NCSI (National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative) trial who were treated using a revascularization strategy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of multivessel PCI (MV-PCI) versus culprit-vessel PCI (CV-PCI).

Background: In patients with multivessel disease who present with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (AMICS), intervening on the nonculprit vessel is controversial. There are conflicting published reports and lack of evidence, particularly in patients treated with early mechanical circulatory support (MCS).

Agnes Rimando, a Pioneer in the Fate of Glyphosate and Its Primary Metabolite in Plants.

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide on the planet because of its excellent efficacy on almost all weed species and due to the large-scale adoption of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. Agnes Rimando became an expert in glyphosate analysis almost 20 years ago to support research on GR crop safety and on mechanisms of evolved glyphosate resistance by weeds. Her work was the first to show that the amount of glyphosate and its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) that accumulates in GR soybean seed from plants treated with approved glyphosate doses can approach their legal limits.

A View to the Future: Opportunities and Challenges for Food and Nutrition Sustainability.

The challenges to achieving sustainability in food and nutrition are daunting. The present paper summarizes 3 individual papers that are part of this special collection. The lynchpin for synthesizing the papers is sustainability and food systems.

A Risk Management Strategy for Managing Critical Human Resource Changes in a Pediatric Heart Program.

Background: Relocation, recruitment, or retirement of critical team members may lead to changes in the expertise pool that could threaten patient outcomes in a pediatric heart program. We developed a quality initiative aimed at risk management that uses risk-stratified case complexity and outcomes to guide a program during critical fluxes in the expert staff. The Ramp Down/Up protocol is a systematic, voluntary reduction in the complexity of cases performed, followed by a transparent and intentional escalation of case complexity.

Evolution and Future Needs of Food Chemistry in a Changing World.

The agriculture system is tasked with the responsibility to deliver adequate quantities of food, which meet national needs, provide health benefits, and deliver these in an environmentally sustainable system. Efforts by the food industry to deliver safe and nutritious foods, which also improve health and wellness, are complicated by a constantly changing landscape. As early as the 1950s, fat in diets was a concern, and in the 1980s and early 1990s, fat was an evil component in foods.

Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy Via Exclusive Pedal Approach for the Treatment of Complicated Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease is routinely performed via femoral artery access. In patients with complex femoropopliteal disease, this traditional approach is not feasible. To address this situation, we used an exclusive pedal access approach along with other adjunctive treatments, resulting in a successful outcome.

Perspective: Understanding the Intersection of Climate/Environmental Change, Health, Agriculture, and Improved Nutrition - A Case Study: Type 2 Diabetes.

Efforts to promote health through improved diet and nutrition demand an appreciation of the nutritional ecology that accounts for the intersection of agriculture, food systems, health, disease and a changing environment. The complexity and implications of this ecology is exemplified by current trends and efforts to address nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most prominently type 2 diabetes. The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise unabated.

Improved Outcomes Associated with the use of Shock Protocols: Updates from the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative.

Background: The National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative is a single-arm, prospective, multicenter study to assess outcomes associated with early mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (AMICS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: Between July 2016 and February 2019, 35 sites participated and enrolled into the study. All centers agreed to treat patients with AMICS using a standard protocol emphasizing invasive hemodynamic monitoring and rapid initiation of MCS.

The Spontaneous Coronary Slow-Flow Phenomenon: Reversal by Intracoronary Nicardipine.

Objective: An under-recognized cause of chest pain, the coronary slow-flow (CSF) phenomenon is characterized by delayed coronary opacification during diagnostic angiography in the absence of epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD). Given its angiographic resemblance to no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention, a condition associated with microvascular spasm responsive to calcium-channel blockers, we hypothesized that spontaneous CSF may similarly be reversed by intracoronary (IC) nicardipine.

Methods: The effect of IC nicardipine was evaluated in 30 patients.

Fostering Strategies to Expand the Consumption of Edible Insects: The Value of a Tripartite Coalition between Academia, Industry, and Government.

Although many insect-based foods are nutritious and often an inexpensive option for human and domesticated animal consumption, there remains a negligible market for such foods in many countries. Several environmental and economic considerations underscore the potential value of insect-based foods, and emerging science suggests that diets incorporating such foods might also convey some genuine health benefits. However, if expanded markets for insect-based foods in cultures naïve to entomophagy are to be pursued, it will be important to develop multifaceted and coordinated strategies to ) delineate authentic health benefits, ) explore means of optimizing insect husbandry and food processing, ) examine cultural barriers to acceptance, ) formulate workable approaches to marketing, and ) address relevant food regulations.

Nutritional Sustainability: Aligning Priorities in Nutrition and Public Health with Agricultural Production.

Nutrition science-based dietary advice urges changes that may have a great impact on agricultural systems. For example, the 2016 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends greatly increased fruit and vegetable consumption, but the present domestic production is insufficient to accommodate large-scale adoption of these guidelines. Increasing production to the extent needed to meet the DGA will necessitate changes in an already stressed agriculture and food system and will require nutrition and agriculture professionals to come together in open and collegial discourse.

Pilot Study of the Tart Cherry Juice for the Treatment of Insomnia and Investigation of Mechanisms.

Background: Insomnia is common in the elderly and is associated with chronic disease, but use of hypnotics increases the incidence of falls. Montmorency tart cherry juice has improved insomnia by self-report questionnaire.

Study Question: Is insomnia confirmed by polysomnography and is tryptophan availability a potential mechanism for treating insomnia?

Study Design: A placebo-controlled balanced crossover study with subjects older than 50 years and insomnia were randomized to placebo (2 weeks) or cherry juice (2 weeks) (240 mL 2 times/d) separated by a 2-week washout.