Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Hosted by Carboxymethyl Cellulose Reduce the Infective Effects of Enterotoxigenic :F4 on Porcine Intestinal Enterocyte IPEC-J2.

Zero-valent copper and silver metals (Ms) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were synthesized for treating Enterotoxigenic fimbriae 4 (ETEC:F4), a major cause of diarrhea in post-weaned pigs. The antibacterial properties of Cu/CMC and Ag/CMC were assessed on infected porcine intestinal enterocyte IPEC-J2, an in vitro model mimicking the small intestine. The lower average particle size (218 nm) and polydispersity index [PDI]: 0.

Corrigendum: Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: a qualitative study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.

Redefining on-farm practices: The perceived effect of a responsible antimicrobial use regulation on dairy farmers.

The global food animal industry faces a growing concern regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR), primarily driven by the use of antimicrobials (AM) for the treatment, control, and prevention of diseases. Addressing this challenge requires promoting responsible antimicrobial use (AMU) practices. In 2019, the province of Québec, Canada, took a significant step by implementing a regulation that limits the use of AM of very high importance for human medicine (category I AM as defined by Health Canada) in the food animal industry.

Exploring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing in Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Foods.

Antimicrobials serve as crucial treatments in both veterinary and human medicine, aiding in the control and prevention of infectious diseases. However, their misuse or overuse has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, posing a significant threat to public health. This review focuses on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing in animals and their associated food products, which contribute to the proliferation of antimicrobial-resistant strains.

Clonal and plasmidic dissemination of critical antimicrobial resistance genes through clinically relevant ExPEC and APEC-like lineages (ST) in the dairy cattle population of Québec, Canada.

Antimicrobial resistance can be effectively limited by improving the judicious use of antimicrobials in food production. However, its effect on the spread of AMR genes in animal populations is not well described. In the province of Québec, Canada, a new legislation implemented in 2019 has led to an unprecedented reduction in the use of critical antimicrobials in dairy production.

The Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages Infecting Avian Pathogenic O1, O2 and O78 Strains.

Avian pathogenic (APEC), such as O1, O2 and O78, are important serogroups relating to chicken health, being responsible for colibacillosis. In this study, we isolated and characterized bacteriophages (phages) from hen feces and human sewage in Alberta with the potential for controlling colibacillosis in laying hens. The lytic profile, host range, pH tolerance and morphology of seven APEC-infecting phages (ASO1A, ASO1B, ASO2A, ASO78A, ASO2B, AVIO78A and ASO78B) were assessed using a microplate phage virulence assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli in free-living seals of Canadian Atlantic and eastern Arctic waters.

Seal populations in Canadian waters provide sustenance to coastal communities. There is potential for pathogenic and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to transfer to humans through inadvertent faecal contamination of seal products. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and potential antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp.

Description of Antimicrobial-Resistant and Their Dissemination Mechanisms on Dairy Farms.

Despite its importance in veterinary medicine, there is little information about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its transmission in dairy cattle. The aim of this work is to compare AMR phenotypes and genotypes in resistant and to determine how the resistance genes spread among the population on dairy farms in Québec, Canada. From an existing culture collection of isolated from dairy manure, a convenient selection of the most resistant isolates (a high level of multidrug resistance or resistance to broad-spectrum β-lactams or fluoroquinolones) was analyzed ( = 118).

Barriers and facilitators to implementing a new regulation restricting antimicrobial use in dairy production in Québec, Canada: A qualitative study.

With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many countries are implementing restrictive regulations to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. Although these measures are effective at the national level, their implementation may generate challenges for producers and veterinarians. The objective of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of implementing a new regulation restricting the use of antimicrobials of very high importance for human health in the dairy production sector in the province of Québec, Canada.

Impact of a Regulation Restricting Critical Antimicrobial Usage on Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in Québec, Canada.

To tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the major health threats of this century, the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed a global action plan in 2015. This plan calls countries to develop national actions to address AMR. The province of Québec, Canada, adopted a new regulation on the 25 of February 2019, to limit the use in food animals of antimicrobials of very high importance in human medicine.

High Risk Clone: A Proposal of Criteria Adapted to the One Health Context with Application to Enterotoxigenic in the Pig Population.

The definition of a high risk clone for antibiotic resistance dissemination was initially established for human medicine. We propose a revised definition of a high risk clone adapted to the One Health context. Then, we applied our criteria to a cluster of enrofloxacin non susceptible ETEC:F4 isolates which emerged in 2013 in diseased pigs in Quebec.

Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated from healthy farm animals in Tunisia.

Healthy animals can constitute a reservoir for potentially dangerous for humans. Our objectives were to investigate virulence genes in isolated from healthy animals in southern Tunisia and to determine their resistance to antimicrobials of high importance in humans and animals. 126 fecal samples were collected from healthy animals (cattle, sheep, goats, chicken, camel, bustard and rabbit) and assayed by PCR for virulence genes and by disk diffusion for antimicrobial resistance.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015-2016.

Although antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remain limited in North America. We assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase-producing in healthy horses in Quebec, Canada. We collected fecal samples in 225 healthy adult horses from 32 premises.

Spread of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL gene bla and metabolism operon of prebiotic oligosaccharides in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses, France.

The objective of the study was to identify the genetic determinants and characteristics of expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses in France in 2015. Faecal samples from 744 adult horses were screened for ESC-resistant E. coli isolates.

Prevalence of colistin resistance and mcr-1/mcr-2 genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in Canada, Senegal and Vietnam.

Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) colistin resistance and mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes among extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates recovered from chicken feces in Canada (Quebec), Senegal and Vietnam, and evaluated the susceptibility pattern of the colistin-resistant E.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Pathogenicity of Isolates from Healthy Broilers in Québec, Canada.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue, particularly when it affects critically important antimicrobials such as third-generation cephalosporins (3GC). The objective of this study was to characterize isolates from healthy chickens in Québec in farms where ceftiofur has been administered to chickens over a long period with regard to their AMR, multidrug resistance (MDR), potential virulence, clonality, and possession of plasmids of the incompatibility groups carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)/AmpC genes. More than 62% of indicator isolates were MDR with resistance observed for each of the nine classes of antimicrobials tested by disk diffusion.

Pathogenic potential and the role of clones and plasmids in beta-lactamase-producing E. coli from chicken faeces in Vietnam.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals is a global public health issue. This study investigated AMR and virulence profiles of E. coli isolated from healthy chickens in Vietnam.

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and potential pathogenicity, and possible spread of third generation cephalosporin resistance, in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy chicken farms in the region of Dakar, Senegal.

Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the intestinal microbiota of chickens, a small proportion of which may be avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) or potential extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), capable of causing disease in humans.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Profiles Among Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Chicken Carcasses in Vietnam.

This study evaluated virulence and resistance profiles of Escherichia coli in chicken carcasses from three retail systems in Vietnam. Fresh chicken carcasses from traditional markets and fresh and frozen chicken carcasses from supermarkets were sampled in Vietnam. E.

Prevalence, risk factors, and characterization of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy horses in France in 2015.

Background: Although antimicrobial resistance is increasingly common in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remains scarce.

Objectives: We estimated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding of multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, and AmpC β-lactamase-producing, or some combination of these in Escherichia coli in horses in France. We characterized ESBL/AmpC isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence and ESBL/AmpC-associated resistance genes.

Screening for fecal presence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in camel-calves in southern Tunisia.

Camels (Camelus dromedarius) are known to harbor multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and to be involved in the transmission of various microorganisms to humans. Data on the occurrence of colistin resistant Escherichia coli as well as mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes in camels are lacking. We investigated the presence of colistin resistance and mcr (1-2) genes in E.