Mitigating rural WWTP impacts: System dynamics modeling of downstream nutrient outputs.

A system dynamics modeling approach was used to assess the potential impact of intentional struvite crystallization recovery on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) allocation of N and P in effluent and biosolids outputs. Struvite crystallization has been used to recover wastewater N and P and produce valuable fertilizer. However, it is often overlooked whether additional benefits may be realized by diverting N and P from other fates.