The Addition of Sprint Interval Training to Field Lacrosse Training Increases Rate of Torque Development and Contractile Impulse in Female High School Field Lacrosse Players.

Field lacrosse requires sudden directional changes and rapid acceleration/deceleration. The capacity to perform these skills is dependent on explosive muscle force production. Limited research exists on the potential of sprint interval training (SIT) to impact explosive muscle force production in field lacrosse players.

Use of Gloves to Examine Intermittent Palm Cooling's Impact on Rowing Ergometry.

O'Brien, IT, Kozerski, AE, Gray, WD, Chen, L, Vargas, LJ, McEnroe, CB, Vanhoover, AC, King, KM, Pantalos, GM, and Caruso, JF. Use of gloves to examine intermittent palm cooling's impact on rowing ergometry. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 931-940, 2021-The aim of this study was to examine the use of gloves on intermittent palm cooling's impact on rowing ergometry workouts.

Ergogenic and Physiological Outcomes Derived From a Novel Skin Cooling Device.

Gray, WD, Jett, DM, Cocco, AR, Vanhoover, AC, Colborn, CE, Pantalos, GM, Stumbo, J, Quesada, PM, and Caruso, JF. Ergogenic and physiological outcomes derived from a novel skin cooling device. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 391-403, 2021-Our study's purpose assessed a cooling headband's ergogenic and physiological impacts.

Load-Power Relationships for High-Speed Knee Extension Exercise.

Chen, L, Davison, SW, Selimovic, EA, Mueller, RE, Beatty, SR, Carter, KA, Parmar, PJ, Symons, TB, Pantalos, GM, and Caruso, JF. Load-power relationships for high-speed knee extension exercise. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1480-1487, 2019-Seventy subjects did 4 knee extensor workouts with their left legs to assess load-power relationships produced on a high-speed trainer (HST; Newnan, GA, USA).

Musculoskeletal Outcomes from Chronic High-Speed, High-Impulse Resistance Exercise.

While bones and muscles adapt to mechanical loading, it appears that very specific types of stimuli must be applied to achieve osteogenesis. Our study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes to 30 training sessions on an Inertial Exercise Trainer (Newnan, GA). Subjects (n=13) performed workouts with their left leg, while their right served as an untreated control.

Test Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Nursing Students.

Stress, in the form of test anxiety, inhibits examination performance essential to nursing success. Salivary cortisol, a biomarker of stress, was obtained before 3 examinations and 1 nursing didactic class from a sample of baccalaureate nursing students in a midwestern US university. Significant differences were found between cortisol sampling events and by junior or senior status.

Salivary hormonal values from high-speed resistive exercise workouts.

Our study purpose examined salivary hormonal responses to high-speed resistive exercise. Healthy subjects (n = 45) performed 2 elbow flexor workouts on a novel (inertial kinetic exercise; Oconomowoc, WI, USA) strength training device. Our methods included saliva sample collection at both preexercise and immediately postexercise; workouts entailed two 60-second sets separated by a 90-second rest period.

Net energy expenditure of gravity-independent high-speed resistive exercise done by women.

Introduction: Elevated metabolism is common to spaceflight while exercise in microgravity exacerbates energy costs. Thus in-flight exercise countermeasures must be devised that minimize energy costs as they are performed on hardware operable in microgravity.

Methods: Female subjects (N = 28), subdivided into athletic and sedentary groups, each performed two workouts on a resistive exercise device (Impulse Training Systems; Newnan, GA).

Anthropometry as a predictor of vertical jump heights derived from an instrumented platform.

The current study purpose examined the vertical height-anthropometry relationship with jump data obtained from an instrumented platform. Our methods required college-aged (n = 177) subjects to make 3 visits to our laboratory to measure the following anthropometric variables: height, body mass, upper arm length (UAL), lower arm length, upper leg length, and lower leg length. Per jump, maximum height was measured in 3 ways: from the subjects' takeoff, hang times, and as they landed on the platform.

Front squat data reproducibility collected with a triple-axis accelerometer.

The purpose of our study was to assess data reproducibility from 2 consecutive front squat workouts, spaced 1 week apart, performed by American college football players (n = 18) as they prepared for their competitive season. For each workout, our methods entailed the performance of 3-6 front squat repetitions per set at 55, 65, and 75% of subject's 1 repetition maximum (1RM) load. In addition, a fourth set was done at a heavier load, with a resistance equal to 80 and 83% of their 1RM values, for the first and second workouts, respectively.

Anthropometry as a predictor of bench press performance done at different loads.

The purpose of our study was to examine the ability of anthropometric variables (body mass, total arm length, biacromial width) to predict bench press performance at both maximal and submaximal loads. Our methods required 36 men to visit our laboratory and submit to anthropometric measurements, followed by lifting as much weight as possible in good form one time (1 repetition maximum, 1RM) in the exercise. They made 3 more visits in which they performed 4 sets of bench presses to volitional failure at 1 of 3 (40, 55, or 75% 1RM) submaximal loads.

Prediction of resultant testosterone concentrations from flywheel-based resistive exercise.

Introduction: Numerous variables impact resultant testosterone concentrations (TC) that foretell the efficacy of workouts. Identifying variables may aid the development of in-flight exercise prescription.

Methods: To identify variables that predict the variance in TC from flywheel ergometer exercise, 17 subjects did 3 workouts in a randomized order.

Data reproducibility from an inertial kinetic exercise machine.

An inertial kinetic exercise (IKE, Oconomowoc, WI, USA) machine was created that permits high-velocity workouts suited for injury rehabilitation and speed development in athletes. In addition, its design does not entail the movement of resistance against Earth's gravitational pull. Thus, the design and operation associated with the IKE may be incorporated into novel environments such as space flight.

Blood lactate and hormonal responses to prototype flywheel ergometer workouts.

The purpose of the study was to compare blood lactate and hormonal responses with flywheel ergometer (FERG) leg presses for preliminary assessment of workouts best suited for future in-flight resistance exercise. Comprised of 10 repetition sets, the workouts entailed 3 sets of concentric and eccentric (CE3) actions, or concentric-only actions done for 3 (CO3) or 6 (CO6) sets. Methods employed included assessment of blood lactate concentrations ([BLa-]) before and 5 minutes postexercise.

beta(2)-Adrenergic agonist administration and strength training.

beta(2)-Adrenergic agonists (beta(2)AA) produce myriad effects throughout the human body. Prescribed concurrently with theophylline for the bronchodilatory effects they offer in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, beta(2)AA actions include many beneficial and adverse changes when administered to animals at supraphysiological doses. Beneficial changes include improved musculoskeletal health and function, which can be maintained because adverse changes are reduced if oral beta(2)AA are given at therapeutic dosages in humans with concurrent resistive exercise administration.

Data reliability from an instrumented vertical jump platform.

A Vertec jump measurement and training system measures vertical jump heights but not additional variables that would reveal how the performance was achieved. Technology advances to equipment now include additional variables that elucidate how jump performance is achieved. However, acceptance of new jump-related equipment is predicated on the reliability of the vertical heights it measures in relation to those assessed by the Vertec.

Impact of acceleration on blood lactate values derived from high-speed resistance exercise.

Acceleration, or an increase in the rate of movement, is integral to success in many sports. Improvements in acceleration often entail workouts done at intensities that elicit higher blood lactate concentrations (BLa). The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of acceleration on BLa.

Growth hormone levels after flywheel ergometer exercise: correlation with independent variables.

Introduction: In-flight muscle mass and strength losses are likely exacerbated by low growth hormone (GH) concentrations. Factors associated with exercise may foretell resultant GH levels and thereby help blunt future mass and strength losses.

Methods: To assess the ability of variables to predict GH variance from resistive exercise done on a flywheel ergometer (FE) designed for in-flight exercise, subjects (N=17) performed three types of workouts on the device.

Performance evaluation of a high-speed inertial exercise trainer.

A high-speed, low-resistance inertial exercise trainer (IET, Impulse Training Systems, Newnan, Ga) is increasingly employed in rehabilitative and athletic performance settings. Repetitions on an IET are done through a large range of motion because multijoint movements occur over more than one plane of motion, with no limitation on velocities or accelerations attained. The current study purpose is to assess data reproducibility from an instrumented IET through multiple test-retest measures.

Albuterol and exercise effects on ankle extensor strength during 40 days of unloading.

Introduction: In-flight ankle extensor (AEXT) strength losses are an impediment to long-term space travel. The current study examines if albuterol helps resistance exercise (RE) abate AEXT strength loss incurred over a 40-d unloading period.

Methods: All subjects (21 men, M; 15 women, W) performed unilateral limb suspension (ULLS) and exercised on a flywheel ergometer (FERG) with their otherwise unloaded AEXT.

The combined acute effects of massage, rest periods, and body part elevation on resistance exercise performance.

Although massage administered between workouts has been suggested to improve recovery and subsequent performance, its application between bouts of repetitive supramaximal anaerobic efforts within a given workout has received little attention. The purpose of the study compared different forms of very short rest periods administered between resistance exercise sets of individual workouts on subsequent performance. With a within-subjects design methodology, subjects (n = 30) performed three workouts that were identical in terms of the exercises (45 degrees leg press, prone leg curl, seated shoulder press, standing barbell curl), number of sets, and the resistance employed.

Temporal strength changes from resistance exercise and albuterol on unloaded muscle.

To assess unloaded knee extensor temporal strength changes, healthy subjects without asthma performed 40 continuous days of unilateral limb suspension, whereby their left leg refrained from normal weight-bearing and ambulatory activity. During the 40-day period, subjects performed resistance exercise (REX) with their unloaded leg on an inertial resistance ergometer and, as part of a double-blind design, consumed the maximal oral therapeutic dosage of albuterol (i.e.

Leg and calf press training modes and their impact on jump performance adaptations.

To examine the effects of resistance exercise (REX) mode on jump performance, subjects were assigned to one of three groups over a 6-week period with no cross-over. Subjects were assigned to leg and calf press REX on either a standard (n = 10) or ergometer (n = 9) device while a third group (n = 9) served as controls (CTRL). REX subjects worked out twice per week, which consisted of a three-set, 10-repetition paradigm for leg and calf press exercises.

Body mass and exercise variable relationships to lactate derived from gravity-independent devices.

Introduction: Historically, exercise performance outcomes may be predicted with anthropometric variables such as body mass. To assess body mass and resistance exercise (REX) performance variable correlations to blood lactate values, subjects performed five different workouts on two devices that do not employ gravitational resistance. One device uses flywheels to impose a low-speed high-resistance exercise stimulus while the other, dubbed a Dual Performance Device (DPD), has a sled mounted on a very low friction track to enable high-speed low-resistance repetitions.

Blood lactate responses to leg presses performed against inertial resistance.

Introduction: A flywheel ergometer has been devised which employs gravity-independent inertial resistance. Concentric and eccentric actions, which are integral to weight-bearing and ambulation activities, may be done on this ergometer. However, blood lactate responses to exercise on the ergometer by contractile mode and training volume are unknown.