Publications by authors named "John Donlon"

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of mortality and compromised welfare in bovines. It is a polymicrobial syndrome resulting from a complex interplay of viral and bacterial pathogens with environmental factors. Despite the availability of vaccines, incidence and severity in young calves remains unabated.

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Background: Summer scour syndrome (SSS) is a recently identified pathological condition affecting weaned dairy and dairy-beef calves during their first grazing season in Ireland. The syndrome is characterised by diarrhoea, weight loss, weakness, and can ultimately lead to death in some calves. Oral and oesophageal ulcerations are present in some cases.

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) presents a challenge to farmers all over the globe, not only because it can have significant impacts on welfare and productivity, but also because diagnosis can prove challenging. Several clinical scoring systems have been developed to aid farmers in making consistent early diagnosis, 2 examples being the Wisconsin (WCS) and the California (CALIF) systems. Neither of these systems were developed in or for use in a temperate environment.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study compares spinal injuries and movements between mid-size male and female subjects in reclined frontal car impacts, as previous research has overlooked sex differences in injury tolerance.
  • Seven post-mortem human subjects (three females and four males) were tested in a simulated impact at 50 km/h, focusing on their spinal kinematics and the timing of vertebral fractures.
  • Despite differences in pelvis geometry leading to adjustments in seating position for the females, both sexes exhibited similar spinal curvatures and kinematic responses, with comparable instances of L1 fractures occurring around the same time during the impact.
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Introduction: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has a significant impact on the health and welfare of dairy calves. It can result in increased antimicrobial usage, decreased growth rate and reduced future productivity. There is no gold standard antemortem diagnostic test for BRD in calves and no estimates of the prevalence of respiratory disease in seasonal calving dairy herds.

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Background: Retention of veterinary practitioners has arisen as a significant problem in recent years in Ireland. No prior Irish peer-reviewed publications have addressed this problem. An online questionnaire was available through social media and via email to Irish vets from January to November 2019.

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Potential ultrasound exposure safety issues are reviewed, with guidance for prudent use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Safety assurance begins with the training of POCUS practitioners in the generation and interpretation of diagnostically valid and clinically relevant images. Sonographers themselves should minimize patient exposure in accordance with the as-low-as-reasonably-achievable principle, particularly for the safety of the eye, lung, and fetus.

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C-terminal α-amidation of peptides is an important event in the course of pro-hormone and neuropeptide processing; it is a modification that contributes to the biological activity and stability of about 25 peptides in neural and endocrine systems. This laboratory has shown that bovine growth hormone (bGH) also has a catalytic function, i.e.

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Background: Forced external rotation of the foot is a mechanism of ankle injuries. Clinical observations include combinations of ligament and osseous injuries, with unclear links between causation and injury patterns. By observing the propagation sequence of ankle injuries during controlled experiments, insight necessary to understand risk factors and potential mitigation measures may be gained.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the long-time and transient characteristics of the moment generated by external (ER) and internal (IR) rotation of the calcaneus with respect to the tibia. Two human cadaver legs were disarticulated at the knee joint while maintaining the connective tissue between the tibia and fibula. An axial rotation of 21° was applied to the proximal tibia to generate either ER or IR while the fibula was unconstrained and the calcaneus was permitted to translate in the transverse plane.

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The effect of posture and subject-specific factors on injury outcome is an active field of research in injury biomechanics, in particular in automotive safety research where post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) are used as surrogates. Current PMHS tests routinely include acquisition of the subjects׳ geometry and kinematics. However, combining these two datasets to better understand the injury mechanism is still a challenge.

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Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate how the impact energy is apportioned between chest deflection and translation of the vehicle occupant for various side impact conditions.

Methods: The Autoliv Total Human Model for Safety (modified THUMS v1.4) was subjected to localized lateral constant velocity impacts to the upper body.

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Earlier studies have shown that the abundance of hepatic phenyl-alanine hydroxylase (PAH) diminishes to 60% of control values in rats fed with a diet composed of 40% (w/w) glycerol [Guerin, Walsh, Donlon and Kaufman (1998) Int. J. Biochem.

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