The effect of timing of growing season drought on flowering of a dominant C4 grass.

Timing of precipitation is equally important as amount for determining ecosystem function, especially aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), in a number of ecosystems. In tallgrass prairie of the Central Plains of North America, grass flowering stalks of dominant C4 grasses, such as Andropogon gerardii, can account for more than 70 % of ANPP, or almost none of it, as the number of flowering stalks produced is highly variable. Although growing season precipitation amount is important for driving variation in flowering stalk production, it remains unknown whether there are critical periods within the growing season in which sufficient rainfall must occur to allow for flowering.

Intra-anal Iferanserin 10 mg BID for hemorrhoid disease: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Despite the prevalence of internal hemorrhoid disease (HD), there are few pharmacologic options. Iferanserin, a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, is being studied for use in the treatment of HD.

Objective: This Phase IIb study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10-mg twice-daily iferanserin intra-anal ointment for the cessation of bleeding and other symptoms associated with internal HD.

Topical alprostadil (PGE1) for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder: in-clinic evaluation of safety and efficacy.

This multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design study evaluated the effects of a topical alprostadil solution for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD). A total of 79 naturally or surgically post menopausal women with FSAD were treated with either 100 or 400 micrograms of alprostadil solution and placebo, delivered on separate clinic visits in random order. Study drug was applied to the external genitalia and was followed by 30 minutes of visual sexual stimulation.