Nicotinic control of adult-born neuron fate.

The hippocampus is one of only two regions in the adult brain where neurons are generated in significant numbers throughout the lifetime of the animal. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these adult-born neurons are essential for optimal cognitive function with unimpaired memory formation and retrieval. The extent to which adult-born neurons survive through an early "critical period" and become integrated into functional networks has been shown to depend on the richness of stimulation they receive during these formative stages.

Unusual case of a graphite foreign body in the anterior chamber.

Retained intraocular graphite foreign bodies are uncommon. Although they are generally inert, they have been reported to cause severe inflammatory reaction and progressive damage to intraocular structures. We report a case of a six-year-old girl with a retained intraocular graphite pencil lead foreign body in the anterior chamber of the eye and discuss the various considerations in the management of such cases.

Mutual diffusion occurring at the interface between La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Co₀.₈Fe₀.₂O₃ cathode and Gd-doped ceria electrolyte during IT-SOFC cell preparation.

The microstructure and local chemistry of the interface between the screen-printed La(0.6)Sr(0.4)Co(0.

Validation and comparison of ActiGraph activity monitors.

Objective: To compare activity counts from the ActiGraph GT3X to those from the ActiGraph GT1M during treadmill walking/running. A secondary aim was to develop tri-axial vector magnitude (VM3) cut-points to classify physical activity (PA) intensity.

Methods: Fifty participants wore the GT3X and the GT1M on the non-dominant hip and exercised at 4 treadmill speeds (4.

Langerhans cells are negative regulators of the anti-Leishmania response.

Migratory skin dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to play an important role in priming T cell immune responses against Leishmania major, but DC subtypes responsible for the induction of protective immunity against this pathogen are still controversial. In this study, we analyzed the role of Langerin(+) skin-derived DCs in the Leishmania model using inducible in vivo cell ablation. After physiologically relevant low-dose infection with L.

Short assessment of the Big Five: robust across survey methods except telephone interviewing.

We examined measurement invariance and age-related robustness of a short 15-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-S) of personality dimensions, which is well suited for applications in large-scale multidisciplinary surveys. The BFI-S was assessed in three different interviewing conditions: computer-assisted or paper-assisted face-to-face interviewing, computer-assisted telephone interviewing, and a self-administered questionnaire. Randomized probability samples from a large-scale German panel survey and a related probability telephone study were used in order to test method effects on self-report measures of personality characteristics across early, middle, and late adulthood.

Ultra-low-loss high-aspect-ratio Si3N4 waveguides.

We characterize an approach to make ultra-low-loss waveguides using stable and reproducible stoichiometric Si3N4 deposited with low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Using a high-aspect-ratio core geometry, record low losses of 8-9 dB/m for a 0.5 mm bend radius down to 3 dB/m for a 2 mm bend radius are measured with ring resonator and optical frequency domain reflectometry techniques.

Membrane targeting, shedding and protein interactions of brain acetylcholinesterase.

The early stages of Alzheimer's disease are characterized by cholinergic deficits and the preservation of cholinergic function through the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is the basis for current treatments of the disease. Understanding the causes for the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in neurodegeneration is therefore a key to developing new therapeutics. In this study, we review novel aspects of cholinesterase membrane localization in brain and propose mechanisms for its lipid domain targeting, secretion and protein-protein interactions.

Dimensions of the foveal avascular zone using the Heidelberg retinal angiogram-2 in normal eyes.

Purpose: The purpose was to study the dimensions of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using Heidelberg Retinal Angiogram-2 (HRA-2; Heidelberg Engineering GmBH, Dossenheim, Germany).

Materials And Methods: An observational study of the FAZ area and circumference was done with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) using HRA-2 in 31 normal individuals. The FAZ was studied using both contrast-adjusted and nonadjusted methods.

Is the air handling capability of the quadrox D pump dependent within an ECMO circuit? An in vitro study.

The occurrence of gaseous microemboli (GME) within the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit is largely overlooked, as are methods to ameliorate this occurrence. We aimed to determine if the air handling capability of the Quadrox D oxygenator was dependent upon whether it was used in conjunction with a centrifugal or roller pump; and if application of a Pall air eliminating filter (AEF) would prevent circuit air introduction from intravenous infusions. Using a blood primed circuit 1 mL of air was infused pre pump.

Linking emergency preparedness and health care worker vaccination against influenza: a novel approach.

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) can acquire and transmit influenza to their patients and coworkers, even while asymptomatic. The U.S.

Chondroitin sulfate A-adhering Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes express functionally important antibody epitopes shared by multiple variants.

Acquired protection from Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria, a major cause of maternal, fetal, and infant morbidity, is mediated by IgG specific for the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variant VAR2CSA. This protein enables adhesion of P.

High efficacy of anti DBL4ɛ-VAR2CSA antibodies in inhibition of CSA-binding Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes from pregnant women.

Malaria during pregnancy is a major cause of intra-uterine growth-retardation and infant death in sub-Saharan Africa. Ideally, this could be prevented by a vaccine delivered before the first pregnancy. Antibodies against domain DBL4ɛ from VAR2CSA has been shown to inhibit adhesion of laboratory isolates to the placental receptor chondroitin sulfate A.

Continuous cotemporal probabilistic modeling of systems biology networks from sparse data.

Modeling of biological networks is a difficult endeavor, but exploration of this problem is essential for understanding the systems behavior of biological processes. In this contribution, developed for sparse data, we present a new continuous Bayesian graphical learning algorithm to cotemporally model proteins in signaling networks and genes in transcriptional regulatory networks. In this continuous Bayesian algorithm, the correlation matrix is singular because the number of time points is less than the number of biological entities (genes or proteins).

Neurotrophic keratitis and congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis--a case report with 10-year follow-up.

Purpose: To report a rare case of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis.

Methods: A 3-year-old girl presented with watering in the right eye for 3 days. Slit-lamp examination showed an epithelial defect and hypopyon in the right eye and a corneal scar with thinning and vascularization in the left eye.

Eleven themes of patient-centred professionalism in community pharmacy: innovative approaches to consulting.

Objectives: The study aimed to clarify patient-centred professionalism within and across community pharmacy settings; position that knowledge in a modern-day environment, accessing the opinions and experiences of patients and professionals; inform the literature on the value of consultation workshops within this context; and develop a template of positive and challenging exemplars of patient-centred professionalism within these contexts.

Methods: Thirty-nine study participants contributed to extended consultation workshops. Sessions were supported by bio-photographic data of healthcare practices across a range of different settings, and a final forum event.

General practitioners' views and experiences of over-the-counter simvastatin in Scotland.

What Is Already Known About This Subject: Statins are widely used for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary events in high risk populations. In 2004 simvastatin was reclassified in the UK from prescription only to being available over-the-counter (OTC).

What This Study Adds: The majority of GPs do not support the supply of OTC simvastatin by the community pharmacist.

Effects of body mass index and step rate on pedometer error in a free-living environment.

Unlabelled: Pedometers could provide great insights into walking habits if they are found to be accurate for people of all weight categories.

Purpose: the purposes of this study were to determine whether the New Lifestyles NL-2000 (NL) and the Digi-Walker SW-200 (DW) yield similar daily step counts as compared with the StepWatch 3 (SW) in a free-living environment and to determine whether pedometer error is influenced by body mass index (BMI) and speed of walking. The SW served as the criterion because of its accuracy across a range of speeds and BMI categories.

"Device landing zone" calcification, assessed by MSCT, as a predictive factor for pacemaker implantation after TAVI.

Background: After trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), the need for postinterventional pacemaker (PM) implantation can occur in as many as 10-50% of cases, but it is not yet clear, how this need can be predicted. The aim of this study was to assess the possible predictive factors of post TAVI PM implantation based on Computed Tomography (CT) measured aortic valve calcification and its distribution.

Methods: We prospectively analyzed 81 consecutive symptomatic patients with severe AS scheduled for TAVI using the CoreValve prosthesis (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA).

Co-localization of PRiMA with acetylcholinesterase in cholinergic neurons of rat brain: an immunocytochemical study.

In the central nervous system, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is present in a tetrameric form that is anchored to membranes via a proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA). Previously it has been found that principal cholinergic neurons in the brain express high concentrations of AChE enzymic activity at their neuronal membranes. The aim of this study was to use immunocytochemical methods to determine the distribution of PRiMA in these neurons in the rat brain.

Intimate partner violence, depression, and alcohol use among a sample of foreign-born Southeast Asian women in an urban setting in the United States.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious global public health issue. At least one in three women worldwide has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused during her lifetime. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, more than three women in the United States die every day from physical abuse suffered at the hands of an intimate partner.

Acute effects of urocortin 2 on cardiac function and propensity for arrhythmias in an animal model of hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure.

Aims: To test acute effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor-related peptide urocortin 2 (Ucn2) on left ventricular (LV) function and the propensity for ventricular arrhythmias in the isolated heart of an animal model of hypertension-induced heart failure.

Methods And Results: Hearts from Dahl salt-sensitive rats with severe LV dysfunction were perfused according to Langendorff. Left ventricular developed pressure and the positive and negative derivatives of LV pressure were analysed before and after perfusion with Ucn2 (n = 15) or normal perfusion solution (control, n = 9).

Microneedles in clinical practice--an exploratory study into the opinions of healthcare professionals and the public.

Purpose: Microneedles are being developed to administer vaccines and therapeutics to and through skin. To date there has been no qualitative or quantitative research into public and health professionals' views on this new delivery technique.

Methods: Focus groups (n=7) comprising public and healthcare professionals were convened to capture the perceived advantages for, and concerns with, microneedles.