Global Progression Rates of Precursor Lesions for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: Whether gastric cancer (GC) precursor lesions progress to invasive cancer at similar rates globally remains unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the progression of precursor lesions to GC in countries with low versus medium/high incidence.

Methods: We searched relevant databases for studies reporting the progression of endoscopically confirmed precursor lesions to GC.

A Missed Diagnosis of Intraprosthetic Dislocation in a Dual-Mobility Bearing Following Closed Reduction.

Dual-mobility bearings have been found to reduce the rate of dislocation following both primary and revision total hip arthroplasty. Their unique design involves two articulating surfaces which increases construct stability but also leaves them susceptible to a unique complication known as intraprosthetic dislocation (IPD). We report the case of a 33-year-old female who sustained an IPD following closed reduction.

Epidemiological Patterns of Common Cancers in Costa Rica: An Overview up to 2020.

Introduction: The increasing cancer incidence and mortality rates in Costa Rica have become a public health concern, with prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers being the most prevalent. This study aimed to analyze the trends in cancer incidence and mortality rates by tumor type, sex, age group, and geographic region using data from the Costa Rican National Cancer Registry.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed cancer incidence and mortality anonymized data from the Costa Rican National Cancer Registry between 2010 and 2020.

Association of genital talc and douche use in early adolescence or adulthood with uterine fibroids diagnoses.

Background: Genital talc and douching are practices that can involve exposure to chemical compounds linked to certain gynecologic cancers. However, it is unclear if they are associated with fibroid risk or age at fibroid diagnosis among women.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early-adolescence genital talc use and douching on prevalence of fibroids diagnosed before the age of 35 and 50 years among Black/African American and non-Hispanic White women.

Tiger Attack Resulting in a Humeral Defect Treated with Proximal Humeral Replacement and Latissimus Dorsi Flap: A Case Report.

Case: A 69-year-old woman presented with a type IIIB left proximal humerus fracture with a 500-square-centimeter soft tissue defect, 10-cm bone defect, and radial nerve laceration after a tiger attack. The surgical intervention included proximal humeral replacement with muscular integration, radial nerve repair, and latissimus dorsi flap coverage.

Conclusion: This case presents an exceedingly rare injury mechanism resulting in a significant soft tissue and bone defect.

Stable chemical enhancement of passivating nanolayer structures grown by atomic layer deposition on silicon.

Incorporation of carrier-selective passivating contacts is on the critical path for approaching the theoretical power conversion efficiency limit in silicon solar cells. We have used plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) to create ultra-thin films at the single nanometre-scale which can be subsequently chemically enhanced to have properties suitable for high-performance contacts. Negatively charged 1 nm thick HfO films exhibit very promising passivation properties - exceeding those of SiO and AlO at an equivalent thickness - providing a surface recombination velocity (SRV) of 19 cm s on -type silicon.

Interfacial Chemistry Effects in the Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Electrodes under Lithium-Ion Battery Conditions.

Understanding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and (de)lithiation phenomena at silicon (Si) electrodes is key to improving the performance and lifetime of Si-based lithium-ion batteries. However, these processes remain somewhat elusive, and, in particular, the role of Si surface termination merits further consideration. Here, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is used in a glovebox, followed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) at identical locations to study the local electrochemical behavior and associated SEI formation, comparing Si (100) with a native oxide layer (SiO /Si) and etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF-Si).

Discrimination between Precancerous Gastric Lesions and Gastritis Using a Gastric Cancer Risk Stratification Model.

Background: Seropositivity to certain Helicobacter pylori proteins may affect development of gastric lesions that could become cancerous. Previously, we developed a model of gastric cancer risk including gender, age, HP0305 sero-positivity, HP1564 sero-positivity, UreA antibody titer and serologically defined chronic atrophic gastritis (termed: "Lasso model").

Methods: We evaluated the Lasso model's ability to discriminate individuals with precancerous gastric lesions (n=320) from individuals with superficial or mild atrophic gastritis (n=226) in Linqu County, China, a population at high risk for gastric cancer.

A Predictive Model of Noncardia Gastric Adenocarcinoma Risk Using Antibody Response to Helicobacter pylori Proteins and Pepsinogen.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers for gastric cancer risk stratification could facilitate targeting screening to people who will benefit from it most. The ABC Method, which stratifies individuals by their Helicobacter pylori infection and serum-diagnosed chronic atrophic gastritis status, is currently used in Japan for this purpose. Most gastric cancers are caused by chronic H.

Early Aseptic Failure of the Tibial Component-Cement Interface in ATTUNE® Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Report of Three Cases.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) systems are designed to maximize the longevity of the implant. However, an unusually high rate of aseptic tibial tray loosening was observed in the DePuy ATTUNE total knee arthroplasty system (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, USA). Affected patients noted symptoms of instability and reproducible pain at the bone-implant interface.

Room Temperature Enhancement of Electronic Materials by Superacid Analogues.

Treatment with the superacid bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (sometimes known as TFSA, TFSI, or HNTf) enhances the properties of a wide range of optoelectronic materials, resulting in longer effective carrier lifetimes and higher photoluminescence quantum yields. We have conducted a multimaterial study treating both crystalline silicon and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers and few-layer flakes with solutions formed from TFSA and a range of compounds with related chemical structures with different Lewis acidities, in order to elucidate the factors underpinning the TFSA-related class of enhancement treatments. We adopt dichloromethane (DCM) as a common solvent as it provides good results at room temperature and is potentially less hazardous than TFSA-dichloroethane (DCE) heated to ∼100 °C, which has been used previously.

Bilateral Posterior Four-Part Fracture-Dislocation of the Proximal Humerus After First-Time Seizure.

This report presents a previously undescribed case and treatment of bilateral four-part proximal humerus (PH) fracture-dislocations presented in a 61-year-old Caucasian male patient following a first-time seizure episode. The patient was treated with bilateral reverse total shoulder arthroplasty due to pre-existing glenohumeral arthritis and rotator cuff atrophy. The surgery was successful, and the patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful.

Atomic level termination for passivation and functionalisation of silicon surfaces.

Chemical treatments play an essential role in the formation of high quality interfaces between materials, including in semiconductor devices, and in the functionalisation of surfaces. We have investigated the effects of hydrogen and fluorine termination of (100)-orientation silicon surfaces over a range of length scales. At the centimetre scale, lifetime measurements show clean silicon surfaces can be temporarily passivated by a short treatment in both HF(2%) : HCl(2%) and HF(50%) solutions.

Perineal Talc Use, Douching, and the Risk of Uterine Cancer.

Background: Perineal talc use and douching could affect the risk of uterine cancer through several possible pathways, including inflammation response, microbiota changes, or endocrine disruption. Two previous cohort studies of the association between talc use and uterine cancer have reported weak positive associations, but we know of no previous evaluations of the relationship between douching and uterine cancer.

Methods: Using a large prospective cohort, we examined the relationship between incident uterine cancer and self-reported use of talc or douche using Cox proportional hazards models.

Severe acne and risk of breast cancer.

Purpose: Hormonal imbalance early in life is thought to be associated with breast cancer risk. Severe acne may arise from hormonal imbalance and could serve as an indicator of increased breast cancer risk. We explored whether severe acne was associated with incident breast cancer.

The Effect of Cancer Treatments on Telomere Length: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: It has been hypothesized that cancer treatments cause accelerated aging through a mechanism involving the shortening of telomeres. However, the effect of cancer treatments on telomere length is unclear.

Methods: We systematically reviewed the epidemiological evidence evaluating the associations between cancer treatment and changes in telomere length.

Smoking and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A 25-Country Analysis of the Demographic Health Surveys.

Background: Having HIV/AIDS has been associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. Moreover, evidence suggests that people with HIV/AIDS who smoke have poorer treatment and survival outcomes. The HIV-smoking relationship is understudied in sub-Saharan Africa, where tobacco use patterns and HIV prevalence differ greatly from other world regions.

Updating the landscape of direct-to-consumer pharmacogenomic testing.

Pharmacogenomics has identified important drug-gene interactions that affect the safety and efficacy of medications. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing, when first introduced, included some pharmacogenomic-related genes. The current landscape of pharmacogenomic direct-to-consumer testing is reviewed.

Protocols associated with no mortality in 100 consecutive Fontan procedures.

Objectives: Results of Fontan's procedure have improved considerably, but perioperative mortality still occurs, attributed to ventricular dysfunction, stroke, arrhythmia, thromboembolism, and multi-organ dysfunction. Our protocols of operative and intensive care unit management address these potential issues, and have been associated with zero mortality, even with many high-risk candidates.

Methods: From 1996 to 2006, all Fontan patients were managed as follows: operative strategy based on aortic and single atrial cannulation, cooling on full-flow bypass, and hypothermic circulatory arrest to create the Fontan pathway.

Fontan completion in infants.

Background: Since the implementation of the Fontan procedure, several clinical factors have been linked to outcome. A study of the outcome after Fontan completion was undertaken with particular attention to the influence of age and cardiac diagnosis.

Methods: Review of all patients (n = 107) undergoing Fontan completion between January 1998 and July 2005 to identify predictors of outcome: early death, prolonged effusions, and prolonged hospital stay.

Transthoracic percutaneous access for electroanatomic mapping and catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia in patients with a lateral tunnel Fontan.

Background: The incidence of atrial tachycardia following Fontan surgery is high, but access to the pulmonary venous atrium, a frequent site of arrhythmia origin, is limited.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report our results with a novel transthoracic percutaneous technique that provides direct access to the pulmonary venous atrium for electrophysiologic procedures.

Methods: Six transthoracic ablation procedures were performed in five patients (age 1.

Transthoracic access for cardiac catheterization.

Patients who have undergone Fontan palliation for congenital heart disease have limited access to the pulmonary venous atrium. We describe a transthoracic approach to the pulmonary venous atrium for diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterization. A total of 22 patients ranging in age from 14 months to 25 years and weighing 7-68 kg underwent transthoracic catheterization.

Endocardial atrial pacing lead implantation and midterm follow-up in young patients with sinus node dysfunction after the fontan procedure.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the results of endocardial lead implantation, lead performance, and follow-up in young patients after the Fontan procedure. A retrospective study was conducted with patients who had endocardial atrial pacing for SND and intact AVN function after Fontan from two pediatric centers. Patient demographics, pacing, and sensing data of endocardial atrial leads were analyzed at the time of pacemaker implantation and follow-up visits.