Recurrent Fevers and Neuro-ophthalmic Disorders in a Mathematical Genius.

Horner's syndrome coexisting with an ipsilateral fourth cranial nerve palsy is a rare occurrence and likely localises to pathology in the cavernous sinus. One such case may have occurred in the 18 century affecting the renowned mathematician Leonhard Euler. A review of his biographies, eulogies, and three finely detailed facial portraits suggest that these two neuro-ophthalmic conditions, along with visual loss and a decades-long intermittent febrile illness, may have been the result of an orbital cellulitis and septic cavernous sinus thrombosis, from an underlying chronic brucellosis infection.

Microbiological Investigations of ReNu Plastic Bottles and the 2004 to 2006 ReNu With MoistureLoc-Related Worldwide Fusarium Keratitis Event.

Purposes: The purposes of this study were to determine whether the contact lens solution RevitaLens Ocutec (containing the antimicrobial agents alexidine and polyquaternium-1) would inhibit Fusarium organisms when heated in ReNu plastic bottles; whether alexidine would inhibit Fusarium organisms when heated in non-ReNu plastic bottles; and whether an alexidine-neutralizing compound leaches from heated ReNu bottles.

Methods: RevitaLens and an alexidine solution (0.00045%), previously stored in ReNu bottles at room temperature (RT) and 56°C, were incubated with 7 different Fusarium organisms.

Pan-antimicrobial failure of alexidine as a contact lens disinfectant when heated in Bausch & Lomb plastic containers: implications for the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004 to 2006.

Objective: ReNu with MoistureLoc (ReNuML), containing the antimicrobial agent alexidine 0.00045%, was associated with the Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004 to 2006. Although a single-point source contamination was ruled out, only Fusarium organisms were reported during the outbreak.

Henry B. Stallard, MD: The 1924 Paris Olympics, and Chariots of Fire.

Hyla Bristow Stallard was one of the greatest middle-distance runners in British athletic history. While an English medical student, he won the bronze medal in the 1500-meter run at the 1924 Paris Olympics, immortalized in the critically acclaimed 1981 epic British film, Chariots of Fire. He later became one of the most famous ophthalmologists in the world for his pioneering work in radiation therapy of malignant eye disease.

Effects of time, temperature, and storage container on the growth of Fusarium species: implications for the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006.

Objective: To demonstrate the effects of time, temperature, and container properties on the ability of ReNu with MoistureLoc (ReNuML; contains the antimicrobial agent alexidine) to inhibit growth of Fusarium species.

Methods: ReNu with MoistureLoc was stored in its Bausch & Lomb (Rochester, New York) plastic or similarly sized glass containers for 1 and 4 weeks at room temperature, 42°C, and 56°C, and then tested for its ability to inhibit growth of 7 Fusarium isolates.

Results: ReNu with MoistureLoc stored in glass containers for 1 or 4 weeks at all 3 temperatures demonstrated no significant fungistatic deterioration.

A retrospective statistical analysis of the Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006.

Purpose: A retrospective statistical analysis of the Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006 was performed.

Methods: Poisson and binomial probability distributions were performed in conjunction with statistical data reported from Singapore's Fusarium keratitis outbreak in order to identify the earliest theoretical point in time that this outbreak and its cause could have been recognized.

Results: The outbreak in Singapore could, theoretically, have been recognized after only three months (three cases), P = 0.

Root cause analysis of the fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006 and prescriptions for preventing future epidemics.

Purpose: A root cause analysis of the Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006 was performed.

Methods: Three US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) documents were analyzed. Poisson and case-control studies were performed on outbreak data from Singapore.

Temperature instability of ReNu with MoistureLoc: a new theory to explain the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006.

Purpose: A 2006 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspection of Bausch & Lomb's (B&L's) Greenville, South Carolina, manufacturing site indicated that B&L failed to regulate storage and transport temperatures of their products. The present study investigated the effect of storage temperature on the ability of contact lens solutions to inhibit growth of Fusarium species.

Methods: SIX CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS WERE STUDIED: ReNu with MoistureLoc (ReNu ML), ReNu MultiPlus, Complete Moistureplus, AQuify, Clear Care, and OPTI-FREE RepleniSH.

Temperature instability of ReNu With MoistureLoc: a new theory to explain the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006.

Objective: To investigate the effect of storage temperature on the ability of contact lens solutions to inhibit growth of Fusarium species. A 2006 Food and Drug Administration inspection of Bausch & Lomb's Greenville, South Carolina, manufacturing site indicated that Bausch & Lomb failed to regulate storage and transport temperatures of their products.

Methods: Six contact lens solutions were studied: ReNu with MoistureLoc, ReNu MultiPlus, COMPLETE Moistureplus, AQuify, Clear Care, and OPTI-FREE RepleniSH.

Use of the poisson probability mass function in a retrospective evaluation of the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006.

Purpose: The Poisson distribution can be used to model discrete events that occur infrequently in time, and it was applied, retrospectively, to recently reported clusters of Fusarium keratitis.

Methods: This distribution was utilized with data reported from 6 geographically diverse ophthalmic centers during the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006. The expected numbers of cases, determined from published historical data, were compared with the observed and probabilities were calculated.

Evaluation of intraocular and orbital pressure in the management of orbital hemorrhage: an experimental model.

Objective: To evaluate orbital pressure (OP), intraocular pressure (IOP), and the effectiveness of canthotomy, cantholysis, and septolysis using an experimental orbital hemorrhage model.

Methods: Expired whole blood was injected into the retrobulbar space of 10 human cadaver orbits. At 1-mL increments, OP, IOP, and globe position were documented.

Cervical carcinoma metastatic to the orbit.

Purpose: To describe a case of orbital metastasis from an undifferentiated pelvic tumor with probable cervical origination.

Methods: Case report. Detailed ophthalmologic examination, orbital CT and MRI, and orbital biopsy with histologic and immunohistochemical analysis.

Radionuclide dacryocystography.

Radionuclide dacryocystography (RNDCG) is a safe, physiologic method of evaluating lacrimal drainage. The technique is performed by placing a radioactive "tear" in the eye(s) and following the passage of radioactivity through the lacrimal drainage apparatus with a scintillation (gamma) camera. RNDCG is indicated in any patient with tearing who has a lacrimal drainage system which is open to irrigation.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: a review.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an acute, often fatal, fungal infection caused by members of the class Zygomycetes and the order Mucorales. The genus Rhizopus accounts for most cases of ROCM. The disease is characterized by fungal hyphal invasion of blood vessels resulting in thrombosis and infarction of the nasal, paranasal sinus, orbital, and cerebral tissues.