MOG antibody-associated disease epidemiology in Olmsted County, USA, and Martinique.

Objectives: To report myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) epidemiology in two American regions using 2023 diagnostic criteria.

Patients And Methods: We compared age- and sex-adjusted incidence and prevalence of MOGAD per 2023 diagnostic criteria in Olmsted County (Minnesota [USA]) and Martinique (Caribbean [FR]) (01/01/2003-12/31/2018, prevalence day) using Poisson regression. Archived sera in 68-85% were available for MOG-IgG testing by live cell-based assay at Mayo Clinic.

Characterization of Spray-Dried Powders Using a Coated Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet.

Dry powders offer the potential to increase stability and reduce cold-chain requirements associated with the distribution of vaccines and other thermally sensitive products. The Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet (AINI) is a representative geometry for characterization of nasal products that may prove useful in examining intranasal delivery of powders. Spray-dried trehalose powders were loaded at 10, 20, and 40 mg doses into active single-dose devices.

Regional Variations in the Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis of Surgical Excision and Endovascular Embolization.

Introduction: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a complex neurosurgical challenge with management strategies that vary significantly across regions. The decision to treat unruptured AVMs, in particular, is controversial, with options ranging from conservative management to surgical excision or endovascular embolization. This study investigates regional variations in treating unruptured and ruptured AVMs in the United States.

A specific and adaptable approach to track CD206 macrophages by molecular MRI and fluorescence imaging.

The mannose receptor (CD206, expressed by the gene ) is a surface marker overexpressed by anti-inflammatory and pro-tumoral macrophages. As such, CD206 macrophages play key roles in the immune response to different pathophysiological conditions and represent a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target. However, methods to specifically target these cells remain challenging.

Color Fundus Photography and Deep Learning Applications in Alzheimer Disease.

Objective: To report the development and performance of 2 distinct deep learning models trained exclusively on retinal color fundus photographs to classify Alzheimer disease (AD).

Patients And Methods: Two independent datasets (UK Biobank and our tertiary academic institution) of good-quality retinal photographs derived from patients with AD and controls were used to build 2 deep learning models, between April 1, 2021, and January 30, 2024. ADVAS is a U-Net-based architecture that uses retinal vessel segmentation.

Neutral drift upon threshold-like selection promotes variation in antibiotic resistance phenotype.

Heritable phenotypic variation plays a central role in evolution by conferring rapid adaptive capacity to populations. Mechanisms that can explain genetic diversity by describing connections between genotype and organismal fitness have been described. However, the difficulty of acquiring comprehensive data on genotype-phenotype-environment relationships has hindered the efforts to explain how the ubiquitously observed phenotypic variation in populations emerges and is maintained.

Role of locoregional therapy including liver transplantation in liver-only metastatic colorectal cancer: a review paper.

Introduction: Resection of primary tumor and liver metastases is the gold standard for colorectal cancer with liver-only metastases (CRLM). Although treatment options have expanded to enable conversion of unresectable to resectable CRLM, about 40% of patients will have definitively unresectable disease. Major advances in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive protocols and patient selection criteria for liver transplantation have resulted in improved outcomes.

Intrathecal Nicardipine After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Scoping Review.

Intrathecal nicardipine (ITN) is an investigational therapy for cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The objective of this scoping review was to characterize the current state of the literature and map the current available evidence, examine research methodology, clarify key concepts and definitions in the literature, report procedural characteristics, identify and analyze knowledge gaps, and serve as a precursor for future systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. An electronic search for studies on ITN for the treatment of CVS and DCI in patients with aSAH was conducted in accordance with published standards.

Accuracy of Dermatologist Listings in Hawai'i's Medicaid (Med-QUEST) Physician Directories.

Since 2017, Hawai'i has had a statute requiring health plans to update their provider directories at least monthly. However, the results of this study suggest that despite this regulation, errors in physician directories may be an ongoing problem. Using publicly available online Medicaid physician directories from Med-QUEST, Hawaii Medical Service Association (HMSA), AlohaCare, 'Ohana Health Plan, and United Healthcare, 473 unique listings for dermatologists were reviewed and 411 (86.

Proceedings of the 46 Annual Upper Midwest Neuro-Ophthalmology Group Meeting.

The 46th meeting of the Upper Midwest Neuro-Ophthalmology Group (UMNOG), held on July 26, 2024, and hosted by Northwestern University at Chicago, brought together a group of neuro-ophthalmologists, researchers, and trainees. This conference served as a forum for presenting research findings, illustrating challenging cases in clinical practice, and discussing them from an expert viewpoint. Key topics included visual outcomes following the treatment of various optic neuropathies, and advancements in diagnostic techniques, including the integration of machine learning.

Radiology-pathology correlation: Rosai-Dorfman disease.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD), also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytic neoplasm. Although the disease classically presents as massive painless lymphadenopathy in young adults, RDD can also involve the central nervous system in some patients. CNS lesions, can cause headaches, neurologic deficits, and even neurologic deficits.

The atypical faces of optic neuritis: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this article is to provide a review of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), with a focus on what renders optic neuritis "atypical" in these two conditions. Clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and epidemiology are outlined. Acute treatments for optic neuritis, as well as immunotherapy for NMOSD and MOGAD are discussed.

Home-Use and Portable Biofeedback Lowers Anxiety and Pain in Chronic Pain Subjects.

In this study, we investigated the use of novel, home-use and portable biofeedback devices in a remote program for managing chronic pain. In three separate 4-week pilot studies, participants engaged in twice-daily, 10-minute biofeedback sessions, with self-assessed reductions in anxiety and pain levels using the 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), respectively, in Studies 2 and 3. Among these 113 (Study 2) and 237 (Study 3) biofeedback sessions, 81 (∼72%) and 130 (∼55%) showed reductions in pain, while 93 (∼82%) and 184 (∼78%) experienced reductions in anxiety.

Nationwide Prevalence and Geographic Variation of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension among Women in the United States.

Purpose: To determine the nationwide prevalence and geographic distribution of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) among women in the United States.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study using Medicaid claims and electronic health record data from the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) and Sight Outcomes Research Collaborative (SOURCE).

Participants: Female Medicaid beneficiaries 18 to 55 years of age with IIH diagnoses and prescriptions for acetazolamide or methazolamide in 2018 were identified, excluding those with other causes of intracranial hypertension.

Targeting Myeloperoxidase to Reduce Neuroinflammation in X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism.

Aims: Although the genetic locus of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP), a neurodegenerative disease endemic in the Philippines, is well-characterized, the exact mechanisms leading to neuronal loss are not yet fully understood. Recently, we demonstrated an increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in XDP postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting a role for inflammation in XDP pathogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibiting MPO could provide a therapeutic strategy for XDP.

Dried blood spot improves global access to aquaporin-4-IgG testing for neuromyelitis optica.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spot (DBS) compared with conventional serum Aquaporin-4-IgG (AQP4-IgG) testing.

Methods: Prospective multicenter diagnostic study was conducted between April 2018 and October 2023 across medical centers in the United States, Uganda, and the Republic of Guinea. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients and controls collected blood on filter paper cards along with concurrent serum samples.

Relevance of ACE Scores in Teens with Depression and Anxiety: A Maui Pilot Study.

In the aftermath of the Covid pandemic and the notable rise of teen depression and anxiety (DA), there is an urgent need to focus on youth mental health. Another important variable to consider is the presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), which can be associated with chronic mental and physical health conditions. This pilot study explores how ACEs relate to DA for adolescents in Maui, Hawai'i.

Outcomes of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Single Center Experience.

Purpose: To describe the outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) at a single tertiary care center.

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: Medical records of all patients diagnosed with CRAO who received HBOT at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2020 were reviewed to confirm diagnosis, time from onset to presentation, exam findings, treatments, and follow-up data.

Aging Intensifies Myeloperoxidase Activity after Ischemic Stroke.

Abnormally elevated oxidative stress underlies many diseases and contributes to aging. The myeloid enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) generates oxidative stress and contributes to damage after stroke. How aging changes MPO in stroke has not been studied.

Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) are immune-mediated disorders that can often manifest with optic neuritis (ON) among other symptoms. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an emerging diagnostic method that can quantify retinal capillary blood flow and vessel density (VD), which have been shown to be affected in NMOSD and MOGAD. Hence, we aimed to systematically review the studies addressing retinal microvasculature using OCTA in these diseases.