Complication rates and efficacy of single-injection vs. continuous interscalene nerve block: a prospective evaluation following arthroscopic primary rotator cuff repair without a concomitant open procedure.

Background: To compare the complications and efficacy of pain relief of the interscalene anesthetic block using either a single-injection (SI) vs. a continuous, indwelling catheter (CIC) for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery.

Methods: Patients undergoing primary, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without concomitant open procedure or biceps tenodesis were prospectively enrolled by 4 fellowship-trained sports medicine and shoulder surgeons.

Dynamics of Cutibacterium repopulation onto the skin surface of the shoulder after chlorhexidine application.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to characterize the temporal dynamics of Cutibacterium repopulation of the skin surface after application of chlorhexidine to the shoulder.

Methods: Ten shoulders in five male subjects were used. A skin swab was taken prior to (0 minutes) and then at three, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after skin preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% isopropyl alcohol.

3,6'- and 1,6'-Dithiopomalidomide Mitigate Ischemic Stroke in Rats and Blunt Inflammation.

() An important concomitant of stroke is neuroinflammation. Pomalidomide, a clinically available immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) used in cancer therapy, lowers TNF-α generation and thus has potent anti-inflammatory actions. Well-tolerated analogs may provide a stroke treatment and allow evaluation of the role of neuroinflammation in the ischemic brain.

Prospective outcome analysis of ulnar tunnel syndrome: Comparing traumatic versus non-traumatic etiologies.

Background: Ulnar tunnel syndrome (UTS) is relatively uncommon compared to the carpal tunnel or cubital tunnel syndromes. Few reports dedicated to the functional outcomes after surgical intervention of the UTS exist. Herein we compare the outcomes of patients with UTS of different etiologies.

Association Between Serum Testosterone Levels and Cutibacterium Skin Load in Patients Undergoing Elective Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: Cutibacterium periprosthetic joint infections are important complications of shoulder arthroplasty. Although it is known that these infections are more common among men and that they are more common in patients with high levels of Cutibacterium on the skin, the possible relationship between serum testosterone levels and skin Cutibacterium levels has not been investigated.

Methods: In 51 patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasties, total serum testosterone, free testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin levels obtained in the clinic before the surgical procedure were compared with the levels of Cutibacterium on the skin in clinic, on the skin in the operating room prior to the surgical procedure, and on the dermal wound edge of the incised skin during the surgical procedure.

Neuroprotective Effects of Emodin against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Activating ERK-1/2 Signaling Pathway.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and places a heavy burden on the economy in our society. Current treatments, such as the use of thrombolytic agents, are often limited by a narrow therapeutic time window. However, the regeneration of the brain after damage is still active days, even weeks, after stroke occurs, which might provide a second window for treatment.

Evaluation and Management of Scaphoid-Trapezium-Trapezoid Joint Arthritis.

Degenerative arthritis at the articulation of the scaphoid, trapezium, and trapezoid (STT or triscaphe joint) is a common degenerative disease of the wrist. Pain and weakness with grip strength reduction and functional limitations when performing routine daily tasks are common complaints of patients with STT arthritis. Initial conservative treatments for STT arthritis include splinting, bracing, activity modification, anti-inflammatory medication, and steroid injections for pain relief.

Arthritis of the Thumb Interphalangeal and Finger Distal Interphalangeal Joint.

The distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints are subjected to the highest joint forces in the hand, and at least 60% of individuals older than age 60 years have DIP joint arthritis. Debridement of degenerative distal interphalangeal joints with mild to moderate disease can provide satisfactory outcomes; however, those joints with more severe angular and rotation changes are reliably treated with fusions. Regardless of the fixation method, DIP fusions have high success rates, are well tolerated, and are extremely durable.

Operating Room Intervention Rates After Orthopaedic Resident-reduced Pediatric Both-Bone Forearm Fractures Relative to the Academic Calendar.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operating room (OR) intervention rates and quality of fracture reductions for pediatric diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures performed by orthopaedic residents relative to the academic year. OR intervention was defined as any procedure performed in the OR, including closed reduction and casting, and was used to identify fractures that required secondary intervention after initial closed reduction performed by an orthopaedic resident in the emergency department.

Methods: A retrospective analysis identified pediatric patients presenting at our institution with both-bone forearm fractures from July 2010 to June 2016.

Voluntary exercise delays progressive deterioration of markers of metabolism and behavior in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Although a good deal is known about the genetics and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and information is emerging about its cause, there are no pharmacological treatments shown to have a significant, sustained capacity to prevent or attenuate the ongoing neurodegenerative processes. However, there is accumulating clinical results to suggest that physical exercise is such a treatment, and studies of animal models of the dopamine (DA) deficiency associated with the motor symptoms of PD further support this hypothesis. Exercise is a non-pharmacological, economically practical, and sustainable intervention with little or no risk and with significant additional health benefits.

Free Flap Outcomes of Microvascular Reconstruction after Repeated Segmental Mandibulectomy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

This is the first study to investigate the impact of a second fibula flap or a soft tissue flap combined with bridging plate for a repeated segmental mandibulectomy reconstruction on flap outcomes in head and neck cancer patients. A retrospective comparative analysis (2007-2016) of 61 patients who underwent a second segmental mandibulectomy was performed. 20 patients underwent a fibula flap reconstruction whereas 41 had a soft tissue flap and plate reconstruction.

Psychometric Evaluation of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality after a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study.

. Over 1 million mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) cases are reported annually worldwide and may result in cognitive, physical, and emotional deterioration; depression; anxiety; and sleep problems. However, studies on long-term mTBI effects are limited.

Pomalidomide Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury in Rodents.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and severe disability worldwide. After cerebral ischemia, inflammation plays a central role in the development of permanent neurological damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the mechanism of post-ischemic inflammation.

Fracture Fixation Using Shape-Memory (Ninitol) Staples.

Shape-memory alloy (SMA) staples are a recent innovation in fracture fixation. These staples have inherent compressive properties that create a stable fracture environment that promotes primary bone healing. They have been used successfully for osteotomies, arthrodesis, and fracture fixation.

Wrist Fractures and Osteoporosis.

Distal radial fractures account for up to 18% of all fractures in patients over 65 years of age, and osteoporosis is a predominant factor in these fractures. Fracture treatment may include closed reduction and casting/splinting, external fixation, and open reduction and internal fixation.

Posttraumatic Bifid Ulna in a Pediatric Galeazzi-Equivalent Forearm Fracture.

We report an unusual clinical presentation and surgical treatment of a Galeazzi-equivalent fracture in which initial closed treatment failed. This case was unique and challenging secondary to the formation of a neoulna volar to an unreduced periosteal sleeve injury, resulting in a bifid radiographic appearance.

Maxillofacial Fractures Associated With Laryngeal Injury: A Craniofacial Surgeon Should be Alert.

Objective: Maxillofacial fractures with concomitant laryngeal injuries put both the quality and maintenance of life in jeopardy. Because of its low incidence, it is often overlooked in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study is to review the incidence, clinical presentations, managements, and outcomes of these patients.

Pomalidomide Ameliorates H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress Injury and Cell Death in Rat Primary Cortical Neuronal Cultures by Inducing Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptosis Effects.

Due to its high oxygen demand and abundance of peroxidation-susceptible lipid cells, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Induced by a redox state imbalance involving either excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or dysfunction of the antioxidant system, oxidative stress plays a central role in a common pathophysiology that underpins neuronal cell death in acute neurological disorders epitomized by stroke and chronic ones such as Alzheimer's disease. After cerebral ischemia, for example, inflammation bears a key responsibility in the development of permanent neurological damage.

Role of Nogo Receptor-1 for Recovery of Balance, Cognition, and Emotion after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) constitutes 75 ∼ 90% of all TBI cases and causes various physical, cognitive, emotional, and other psychological symptoms. Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) is a regulator of structural brain plasticity during development and in adulthood. Here, we used mice that, in the absence of doxycycline, overexpress NgR1 in forebrain neurons (MemoFlex) to determine the role of NgR1 in recovery from mTBI with respect to balance, cognition, memory, and emotion.

(-)-Phenserine inhibits neuronal apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Stroke commonly leads to adult disability and death worldwide. Its major symptoms are spastic hemiplegia and discordant motion, consequent to neuronal cell death induced by brain vessel occlusion. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is upregulated and allied with inflammation and apoptosis after stroke.

Clinical outcomes for minimally invasive primary and secondary orbital reconstruction using an advanced synergistic combination of navigation and endoscopy.

Background: Sequelae of inadequate orbital reconstruction include enophthalmos, hypoglobus, and diplopia. Accuracy of orbital reconstruction is largely subjective and especially difficult to achieve because of anatomic distortion in secondary or late reconstruction and in extensive injury. We combined computer navigation and endoscopy to perform accurate, aesthetic, and safe minimal-access primary and secondary orbital reconstruction.

Nasal gouty tophus: Report a rare case presenting as a nasal hump with nasal obstruction.

Dorsal nasal gouty tophus are rare occurrences with limited documentation. Here we report a male patient who has a history of poorly controlled gouty arthritis. He had nasal obstruction with an enlarging mass over his left nasal ridge for the past three years.