Susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to Natural Plasmodium falciparum Infection: A Comparison between the Well-Established Anopheles gambiae s.s Line and a Newly Established Ugandan Anopheles gambiae s.s. Line.

Much of our understanding of malaria transmission comes from mosquito feeding assays using Anopheles mosquitoes from colonies that are well adapted to membrane feeding. This raises the question whether results from colony mosquitoes lead to overestimates of outcomes in wild Anopheles mosquitoes. We successfully established an Anopheles colony using progeny of wild Anopheles gambiae s.

Assessment of antigens and CRP in dried blood spots with multiplex malaria array.

Unlabelled: Dried blood spots (DBS) typically prepared on filter papers are an ideal sample type for malaria surveillance by offering easy and cost-effective methods in terms of sample collection, storage, and transport. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of DBS with a commercial multiplex malaria assay, developed to concurrently measure antigens, histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), and a host inflammatory biomarker, C-reactive protein (CRP), in whole blood. The assay conditions were optimized for DBS, and thermal stability for measurement of antigens and CRP in dried blood were determined.

Sources of persistent malaria transmission in a setting with effective malaria control in eastern Uganda: a longitudinal, observational cohort study.

Background: Symptomatic malaria cases reflect only a small proportion of all Plasmodium spp infections. Many infected individuals are asymptomatic, and persistent asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections are common in endemic settings. We aimed to quantify the contribution of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections to P falciparum transmission in Tororo, Uganda.

Multiplex Human Malaria Array: Quantifying Antigens for Malaria Rapid Diagnostics.

Malaria antigen detection through rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is widely used to diagnose malaria and estimate prevalence. To support more sensitive next-generation RDT development and screen asymptomatic malaria, we developed and evaluated the Q-Plex Human Malaria Array (Quansys Biosciences, Logan, UT), which quantifies the antigens commonly used in RDTs--specific histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), specific lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH), specific LDH ( LDH), and Pan malaria lactate dehydrogenase (Pan LDH), and human C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of severity in malaria. At threshold levels yielding 99.

The Impact of Multiple Rounds of Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria Incidence and Hemoglobin Levels in a High-Transmission Setting.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is widely used as a vector control measure, although there are conflicting findings of its effectiveness in reducing malaria incidence. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of multiple IRS rounds on malaria incidence and hemoglobin levels in a cohort of children in rural southeastern Uganda.

Methods: The study was based upon a dynamic cohort of children aged 0.

Simultaneous Quantification of Antigens and Host Factor C-Reactive Protein in Asymptomatic Individuals with Confirmed Malaria by Use of a Novel Multiplex Immunoassay.

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) primarily detect antigen histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and the malaria-conserved antigen lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for and other malaria species. The performance of RDTs and their utility is dependent on circulating antigen concentration distributions in infected individuals in a population in which malaria is endemic and on the limit of detection of the RDT for the antigens. A multiplexed immunoassay for the quantification of HRP2, LDH, and all-malaria LDH (pan LDH) was developed to accurately measure circulating antigen concentration and antigen distribution in a population with endemic malaria.

Rapid improvements to rural Ugandan housing and their association with malaria from intense to reduced transmission: a cohort study.

Background: Rapid population growth in Africa requires an urgent expansion and improvement of housing options. Improving housing presents a promising opportunity for malaria control by reducing indoor exposure to mosquitoes. We measured recent changes in house design in rural Uganda and evaluated their association with malaria in relation to a mass scale-up of control efforts.

Performance of a High-Sensitivity Rapid Diagnostic Test for Malaria in Asymptomatic Individuals from Uganda and Myanmar and Naive Human Challenge Infections.

Sensitive field-deployable diagnostic tests can assist malaria programs in achieving elimination. The performance of a new Alere™ Malaria Ag P.f Ultra Sensitive rapid diagnostic test (uRDT) was compared with the currently available SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.

Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities in Relation to Malaria Risk: A Comparison of Metrics in Rural Uganda.

Socioeconomic position (SEP) is an important risk factor for malaria, but there is no consensus on how to measure SEP in malaria studies. We evaluated the relative strength of four indicators of SEP in predicting malaria risk in Nagongera, Uganda. A total of 318 children resident in 100 households were followed for 36 months to measure parasite prevalence routinely every 3 months and malaria incidence by passive case detection.