Improving access to emergency obstetric care in underserved rural Tanzania: a prospective cohort study.

Background: One of the key strategies to reducing maternal mortality is provision of emergency obstetric care services. This paper describes the results of improving availability of, and access to emergency obstetric care services in underserved rural Tanzania using associate clinicians.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of emergency obstetric care was implemented in seven health centres in Morogoro region, Tanzania from July 2016 to June 2019.

Scale up and strengthening of comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care in Tanzania.

Introduction: In Tanzania, inadequate access to comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) services is the major bottleneck for perinatal care and results in high maternal and perinatal mortality. From 2015 to 2019, the Accessing Safe Deliveries in Tanzania project was implemented to study how to improve access to CEmONC services in underserved rural areas.

Methods: A five-year longitudinal cohort study was implemented in seven health centres (HCs) and 21 satellite dispensaries in Morogoro region.

Screening for depression in children and adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review update.

Background: Major depressive disorder is common, debilitating, and affects feelings, thoughts, mood, and behaviors. Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the development of depression and adolescence is marked by an increased incidence of mental health disorders. This protocol outlines the planned scope and methods for a systematic review update that will evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for depression in children and adolescents.

Preterm birth and the future risk of orthopedic fracture.

Background: Preterm birth occurs during a critical period of bone mineralization. We assessed whether preterm birth increases the risk of childhood fracture.

Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 788,903 infants born between 2006 and 2016 in Quebec, Canada.

Knowledge acquisition after Helping Babies Survive training in rural Tanzania.

Background: While the effectiveness of Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) training in Tanzania has been reported, no published studies of Essential Care for Every Baby (ECEB) and Essential Care for Small Babies (ECSB) in this setting have been found. This study compared knowledge before and after HBB, ECEB and ECSB training in Tanzania.

Methods: Training was provided to future facilitators (n=16) and learners (n=24) in Tanzania.

Long-Term Effects of Education and Legislation Enforcement on All-Age Bicycle Helmet Use: A Longitudinal Study.

Bicycle-related injuries are a leading cause of child and youth hospitalizations in Canada. The use of helmets while bicycling reduces the risk of brain injuries. This study investigated the long-term effect of legislation coupled with enforcement to improve helmet use rates.

Maternal depression and malnutrition in children in southwest Uganda: a case control study.

Background: Malnutrition remains one of the most significant child health problems in developing countries with an estimated 53% of child deaths per year attributed to being underweight. The 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) showed that 38 % of the children were stunted and 16% were underweight. While dietary and environmental factors are known major contributors to children's nutritional status, maternal depression may also contribute since it disrupts the mothers' ability to cope with demands of childcare.

Early repair of congenital heart disease associated with increased rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.

Background: As more children survive with congenital heart disease, their neurodevelopmental outcomes (including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) are becoming increasingly important. The objective of our study was to determine if school-aged children who underwent early cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease are more likely than healthy control subjects to have screening scores on the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) questionnaire suggestive of ADHD.

Methods: Children aged 7-15 years who underwent open-heart surgery before 1 year of age were identified from the Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Children's Heart Centre Database.

The CYRM-12: a brief measure of resilience.

Objectives: This article details the reduction of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) from a 28-item to a 12-item measure. The CYRM-28 is a measure of youth resilience that accounts for cultural and contextual diversity across youth populations. A reduced version of the CYRM is better suited to inclusion in omnibus surveys.

Risk factors predisposing to pedestrian road traffic injury in children living in Lima, Peru: a case-control study.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of pedestrian road traffic injury in Lima and to identify associated child-level, family-level, and school travel-related variables.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: The Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, the largest paediatric hospital in the city.

Discrepancies between knowledge and practice of childhood motor vehicle occupant safety in Nova Scotia--a population-based study.

Objectives: To determine discrepancies between knowledge and practice of childhood motor vehicle restraints (CMVRs) and vehicle seating position amongst parents within the province of Nova Scotia.

Design: Random telephone survey.

Setting: The Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

Use of school-based health centres for mental health support in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.

Objective: To determine whether students with self-reported needs for mental health support used school-based health centres (SBHCs) for this purpose.

Method: A secondary analysis was conducted on self-reported data collected from 1629 high school students from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the influence of sex, grade, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status (SES), school performance, social involvement, and health risk-taking behaviours on need for mental health support and use of SBHC for that purpose.

Home visits reduce the number of hazards for childhood home injuries in Karachi, Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although unintentional injuries are major causes of morbidity and mortality in less developed countries, they have received scant attention, and injury prevention policies and programs have just begun to be addressed systemically.

Aims: To reduce hazards associated with home injuries due to falls and ingestions through an injury prevention program administered by home visitors.

Methods: Non-blinded randomized controlled trial design of two interventions where one branch of the study group served as the control for the other in an urban neighborhood in Karachi, Pakistan.

Online health promotion, early identification of difficulties, and help seeking in young people.

Objective: To examine the use and impact of a dedicated health information Web site for adolescents.

Method: Five hundred fifty-eight (27.2%) of all students in grades 7 through 12 from 4 schools logged onto the Web site; 1775 (86.

Examining school health center utilization as a function of mood disturbance and mental health difficulties.

Purpose: We examined the presence and severity of mood disturbance and mental health difficulties as predictors of students' utilization of school health centers.

Methods: Mood disturbance and mental health difficulties were assessed through surveys completed at year end. Visits to school health centers were tracked prospectively over the year.

Home safety measures and the risk of unintentional injury among young children: a multicentre case-control study.

Background: Young children may sustain injuries when exposed to certain hazards in the home. To better understand the relation between several childproofing strategies and the risk of injuries to children in the home, we undertook a multicentre case-control study in which we compared hazards in the homes of children with and without injuries.

Methods: We conducted this case-control study using records from 5 pediatric hospital emergency departments for the 2-year period 1995-1996.

The development of physical aggression from toddlerhood to pre-adolescence: a nation wide longitudinal study of Canadian children.

The objectives of the study were to model the developmental trajectories of physical aggression (PA) from toddlerhood to pre-adolescence and to identify risk factors that distinguish typical (normative) from atypical developmental patterns. Ten cohorts of approximately 1,000 children (n = 10,658) drawn form a nationally representative (Canadian) sample were followed over 6 years. Using a group based trajectory approach, we identified three groups of children with distinct developmental trajectories between 2 and 11 years of age.

Risperidone reduces aggression in boys with a disruptive behaviour disorder and below average intelligence quotient: analysis of two placebo-controlled randomized trials.

The present study aimed to analyse the effect of risperidone on a priori defined core aggression items. Data were pooled from 163 boys (aged 5-12 years, with or without comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of either conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder who had participated in either of two identical, 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. All received treatment with either placebo or oral risperidone solution (0.

Racemic epinephrine compared to salbutamol in hospitalized young children with bronchiolitis; a randomized controlled clinical trial [ISRCTN46561076].

Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infancy, and hospital admission rates appear to be increasing in Canada and the United States. Inhaled beta agonists offer only modest short-term improvement. Trials of racemic epinephrine have shown conflicting results.