Sutural growth restriction and modern human facial evolution: an experimental study in a pig model.

Facial size reduction and facial retraction are key features that distinguish modern humans from archaic Homo. In order to more fully understand the emergence of modern human craniofacial form, it is necessary to understand the underlying evolutionary basis for these defining characteristics. Although it is well established that the cranial base exerts considerable influence on the evolutionary and ontogenetic development of facial form, less emphasis has been placed on developmental factors intrinsic to the facial skeleton proper.

Effect of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic-like conditions on osteoblast cell attachment to implant surface microtopographies.

Objectives: The objectives of this work were to: (1) establish methodology for pretreating osteoblast-like cells in vitro with dexamethasone to cause glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, (2) perform quantitative and qualitative assessments of cellular attachment of osteoporosis-like osteoblasts when grown on implant surfaces of differing roughness, (3) and explore the hypothesis that dexamethasone-treated osteoblasts have altered cell attachment properties by focal adhesion disassembly and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion tyrosine kinase.

Methods: Osteoblasts were cultured with dexamethasone (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) for up to 4 days of incubation to induce osteoporosis-like conditions. Cellular attachment assays demonstrated the effect of dexamethasone treatments on cellular attachment properties of osteoblasts.

Restricting facial bone growth with skeletal fixation: a preliminary study.

Introduction: Conventional orthodontic treatment of vertical or anterior maxillary excess by growth modification can be problematic in children because of the high levels of patient compliance required. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the use of rigid skeletal fixation to modify facial bone growth without compliance.

Methods: Three 30-day old female pigs from the same litter were included in phase I.

Osteoporosis-like bone conditions affect osseointegration of implants.

Purpose: Usage of dental implants has become common for the treatment of edentulous patients, but concerns exist over the use of implants in patients where orofacial bone loss occurs. In the present study, the osseointegration of implants in rabbits under osteoporosis-like (OP-like) conditions simulating several clinically relevant conditions is reported.

Materials And Methods: Forty rabbits were divided into 4 groups of 10.

Effects of implant microtopography on osteoblast cell attachment.

Purpose: The overall aim of this project was to study osteoblast cell attachment on titanium surfaces with varying surface roughness.

Materials And Methods: Commercially pure titanium surfaces were prepared by polishing through 600-grit sandpaper, sandblasting, or sandblasting followed by acid etching to produce surfaces of varying roughness, as determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In vitro cell attachment of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts was performed on the prepared surfaces in both serum-containing and serum-free media conditions.

Short-term bone responses to hydroxyapatite cement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term wound healing and repair at the tissue/cement interface with different hydroxyapatite cement formulations.

Materials And Methods: Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with HAC for 3, 7, or 14 days. The medial femur-tibia sites on each leg of the animals were used to create four separate 1.