Spatial patterns and seasonal timing of increasing riverine specific conductance from 1998 to 2018 suggest legacy contamination in the Delaware River Basin.

Increasing salinization of freshwater threatens water supplies that support a range of human and ecological uses. The latest assessments of Delaware River Basin (DRB) surface-water-quality changes indicate widespread salinization has occurred in recent decades, which may lead to meaningful degradation in water quality. To better understand how and when salinity transport occurs and implications for DRB streams, this study: 1) explores the variability of specific conductance (SC) trends spatially and seasonally from 1998 to 2018, and 2) investigates how trends relate to streamflow, land disturbance, and impervious surface area to better understand regional salinization drivers.

Assessing placement bias of the global river gauge network.

Knowing where and when rivers flow is paramount to managing freshwater ecosystems. Yet stream gauging stations are distributed sparsely across rivers globally and may not capture the diversity of fluvial network properties and anthropogenic influences. Here we evaluate the placement bias of a global stream gauge dataset on its representation of socioecological, hydrologic, climatic and physiographic diversity of rivers.

Increasing wildfire impacts on snowpack in the western U.S.

Wildfire area has been increasing in most ecoregions across the western United States, including snow-dominated regions. These fires modify snow accumulation, ablation, and duration, but the sign and magnitude of these impacts can vary substantially between regions. This study compares spatiotemporal patterns of western United States wildfires between ecoregions and snow zones.

Zero or not? Causes and consequences of zero-flow stream gage readings.

Streamflow observations can be used to understand, predict, and contextualize hydrologic, ecological, and biogeochemical processes and conditions in streams. Stream gages are point measurements along rivers where streamflow is measured, and are often used to infer upstream watershed-scale processes. When stream gages read zero, this may indicate that the stream has fully dried; however, zero-flow readings can also be caused by a wide range of other factors.

Impact of Major Depressive Disorder on Prediabetes by Impairing Insulin Sensitivity.

Reports regarding the associations between major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetes remain heterogeneous. Our aim was to investigate whether glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity were impaired in the MDD patients and its mechanisms. A total of 30 patients with MDD and 30 matched controls were recruited.

AMPA receptor subunit expression in the endoplasmic reticulum in frontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Several lines of evidence indicate altered trafficking of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors in schizophrenia. Previous reports have shown potential changes in the trafficking of AMPA receptors based on subunit expression of endosomes, subcellular organelles located near post-synaptic sites. We hypothesized that alterations in AMPA receptor trafficking through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may also be altered in schizophrenia.

Endosomal trafficking of AMPA receptors in frontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Several lines of evidence indicate altered trafficking of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors in schizophrenia. Previous reports have implicated alterations in the endosomal trafficking of AMPA receptors in this illness. We hypothesized that late endosome content of AMPA receptor subunits is altered in schizophrenia.

Evidence for abnormal forward trafficking of AMPA receptors in frontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Several lines of evidence point to alterations of alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptor trafficking in schizophrenia. Multiple proteins, including synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97), glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), and N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF), facilitate the forward trafficking of AMPA receptors toward the synapse. Once localized to the synapse, AMPA receptors are trafficked in a complex endosomal system.

Manometric calibration and comparison of TonoLab and TonoPen tonometers in rats with experimental glaucoma and in normal mice.

Purpose: To compare the TonoPen and TonoLab tonometers to each other and to manometrically set intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eyes of normal mice, normal rats, and rats with chronic IOP elevation.

Methods: The measurement of IOP by the TonoPen and TonoLab tonometers was made in 21 normal rat eyes, 10 normal mouse eyes, and 16 rats that had either 2 or 4-week experimental glaucoma. IOP was varied from 10 to 50 mm Hg in steps of 10 mm Hg under conditions in which the eye was either open or closed to the reservoir controlling IOP.