Primary Presentation of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Peripartum: Preparing for Patients With Eisenmenger Physiology.

A Bosnian woman at 20 weeks' gestation presented with dyspnea and hypoxia. She was diagnosed with Eisenmenger physiology with severe pulmonary hypertension, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. Given high maternal mortality, coordination of care with a multidisciplinary team approach may allow for best possible outcomes.

Explanations of the fertility crisis in modern societies: a search for commonalities.

Near-global fertility decline began in the 1960s, and from the 1980s an increasing number of European countries and some Asian ones achieved very low fertility (total fertility below 1.5) with little likelihood of completed cohort fertility reaching replacement level. Earlier theory aiming at explaining this phenomenon stressed the incompatibility between post-industrial society and behaviour necessary for population replacement.

Transesophageal echocardiography-guided placement of internal jugular percutaneous venovenous bypass cannula in orthotopic liver transplantation.

Venovenous bypass has improved patient survival and decreased morbidity and mortality in the field of orthotopic liver transplantation. The standard at many transplant centers is the use of the internal jugular percutaneous venovenous bypass cannulae (PVVBC) for venous return to the patient. Placement of these large (18F) PVVBC may lead to several complications and requires confirmation before use.

Searching for an optimum solution to the Bangladesh arsenic crisis.

Searching for an optimum solution to the Bangladesh arsenic crisis: Thirty years ago Bangladesh experienced very high levels of infant and child mortality, much of it due to water-borne disease in deltaic conditions where surface water was highly polluted. In what appeared to be one of the great public health achievements, 95% of the population were converted to drinking bacteria-free tubewell water from underground aquifers. Recently, it has been shown that perhaps 20% of this water is arsenic contaminated and alternatives to tubewell water have been sought.

AIDS in Papua New Guinea: situation in the Pacific.

There has long been reason to anticipate a major heterosexual epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and probably in the rest of Melanesia. From the social and behavioural perspectives, Melanesia is strikingly similar to other areas of the world with serious epidemics of AIDS. High levels of other sexually transmitted infections indicate behaviour patterns that would also facilitate transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and presence of cofactors for HIV infection.

Africa: the new family planning frontier.

Sub-Saharan Africa will be the family planning frontier of the twenty-first century. Fertility levels and population growth rates are still high, and family planning programs suited to the region are still being developed. Nevertheless, by the end of the twentieth century, fertility transition was under way in Southern Africa and a few countries elsewhere.

The future of family planning programs.

National family planning programs have been an important instrument in accelerating global fertility decline and in restricting ultimate world population to a level probably below ten billion. They began to come into being after 1950 and will probably go out of existence in most of the world's regions by 2050. The archetypal programs were instituted in Asia and North Africa.