Effects of Balance Exercise Interventions on Balance-Related Performance in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Balance training covers a range of different modalities and complexity levels for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). When evaluating the effects of balance training across different kinds of interventions, determination of the specific intervention content that predict effects are needed.

Objective: To investigate the effects of balance training on gait and dynamic balance outcomes.

Content and effects of balance training in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) impairs balance due to sensory loss, proprioceptive deficits, muscle weakness, altered gait, and delayed reflexes. Targeted aerobic and balance training seem promising to mitigate these issues. However, the exact content of a recommended training regime is yet to be determined.

A study of the reliability and construct validity of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test for individuals with systemic sclerosis.

Objective: This study seeks to assess the reliability and construct validity of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test as an efficient tool for evaluating the functional capacity of individuals with systemic sclerosis, considering its time and space effectiveness.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited forty-nine individuals with systemic sclerosis from a university hospital in Denmark. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test was conducted twice on the same day, with an interval of approximately 10 to 15 minutes between administrations, followed by a single administration of the 6-minute walk test.

The psychometric properties of the Six-Spot Step Test - a systematic review using the COSMIN guidelines.

Objective: Accurate and reliable balance measures are important for prescribing fall prevention treatments and monitoring their effectiveness. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the psychometric properties of the Six-Spot Step Test, an increasingly used measure of dynamic balance.

Data Sources: A literature search using the free-text term "Six-Spot Step Test" was performed on 12 February 2024, in Medline, Embase, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine and SPORTDiscus.

A study of the reliability and validity of the Six-Spot Step Test Cognitive in ambulatory persons with Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Although dual-task walking deficits challenge ambulatory function in persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), ambulation measures that incorporate cognitive dual-task loads seem scarce. In its construct and instruction, the Six-Spot Step Test Cognitive (SSSTcog) ensures an equal focus on cognitive and motor tasks. The present study investigated the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the SSSTcog in PwPD.

Muscle Strength, Oxygen Saturation and Physical Activity in Patients with Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Compared to Asymptomatic Controls.

Background: One of the most common causes of exercise-induced pain in the lower leg is chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). Research is limited on muscle strength, oxygen saturation and physical activity in patients with CECS.

Purpose: To compare muscle strength, oxygen saturation, and daily physical activity between patients with CECS and matched asymptomatic controls.

Validity and reliability of VO-max testing in persons with Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Direct whole body assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO-max test) is considered the gold standard when assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (VO-max) in healthy people. VO-max is also an important health and performance indicator for persons with Parkinson's disease (pwPD) and is often used when prescribing exercise and evaluating aerobic exercise interventions. However, no study has examined the content validity of the VO-max test in pwPD as well as the test-retest reliability (i.

Unwrapping the "black box" of balance training in people with multiple sclerosis - A descriptive systematic review of intervention components, progression, and intensity.

Background: Delineating the specific components of the existing balance training interventions in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) may contribute to a framework for future design and reporting of such interventions. Thus, we aimed to systematically synthesize how balance training frequency, intensity, time, type, duration, and progression are reported in balance training interventions for PwMS.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cinahl.

A study of the discriminative properties of the Six-Spot Step Test in older adults at risk of falling and those not at risk.

Objective: To investigate the discriminative properties of the Six-Spot Step Test in older adults with self-reported balance problems.

Methods: Seventy-five older adults aged ≥65 years completed the Six-Spot Step Test and the Timed "Up and Go" test. A Mini-BESTest score of ≤19 was used as a cutoff for defining the risk of falling, and a receiver operating characteristics curve was generated to determine relevant cutoff scores.

The subjective minimal important change for the Six Spot Step Test in people with multiple sclerosis - The Danish MS Hospitals Rehabilitation study.

Introduction: The Six Spot Step Test has shown good psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability in people with multiple sclerosis. Yet, the responsiveness and minimal important change are unknown. The objective was to investigate the responsiveness of the Six Spot Step Test against the perceived change of walking limitations and establish estimates for the minimal important change in people with multiple sclerosis.

[1-min sit-to-stand test to assess functional capacity for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

In this review, we present the 1-min sit-to-stand test, a short, easy and validated functional test usable for general practitioners, among others, to assess functional capacity for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Possibly, this can motivate people with COPD to be more physically active. From the first interaction, healthcare professionals should provide information about the positive effects of physical activities and continuously assess functional capacity with a functional test in people with COPD to promote an active lifestyle.

Examining the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Six-Spot Step Test in older adults with self-reported balance problems.

Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Six-Spot Step Test in older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Outpatient clinics.

A study of the discriminative properties of the Six-Spot Step Test in people with Parkinson's disease at risk of falling.

Background: Clinical tests that can discriminate between people at risk of falling and those not at risk are warranted. The discriminative properties of the Six-Spot Step Test was investigated in people with Parkinson's disease at risk of falling.

Methods: Eighty-one participants with a median age of 69 years (Q1-Q3:63-74) and a median Hoehn and Yahr score of 2.

How do resistance training and balance and motor control training affect gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis? A randomized controlled multi-center study.

Background: Despite a shared purpose of improving functional capacity, the principles of progressive resistance training (PRT) and balance and motor control training (BMCT) are fundamentally different.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of PRT and BMCT on gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Methods: A multi-center, single-blinded, cluster-randomized controlled trial with two intervention groups (PRT and BMCT) and a control group (CON).

A study of the validity of the Six-Spot Step Test in ambulatory people with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the concurrent and divergent validity of the Six-Spot Step Test in mild to moderately impaired people with Parkinson's disease.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Outpatient clinics.

Test-retest reliability and limits of agreement of the Six-Spot Step Test in people with Parkinson's disease.

Objective:: The aim of this study was to evaluate the within-day and day-to-day agreement and reliability of the Six-Spot Step Test in mild to moderately disabled people with Parkinson's disease.

Design:: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting:: Outpatient clinics.

How much does balance and muscle strength impact walking in persons with multiple sclerosis? - A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Despite the multitude of rehabilitation interventions targeting gait impairments in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), only little is known about the relative association of muscle strength and balance on different gait outcomes.

Aim: To determine the relative association of balance and muscle strength to three gait performance outcomes in PwMS.

Method: 90 PwMS were enrolled in this cross-sectional study (72% women; mean age=49.

Is there an effect of dietary intake on MS-related fatigue? - A systematic literature review.

Background: Fatigue is considered the most common symptom of persons with multiple sclerosis MS (pwMS), occurring in up to 90% of the patients at some point with two-thirds of pwMS experience fatigue as their most disturbing symptom. Pharmacological treatment options for MS-related fatigue show only limited and contradicting results. Consequently, many pwMS search for alternative options to control the symptom.

How does strength training and balance training affect gait and fatigue in patients with Multiple Sclerosis? A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a demyelination that results in reduced conductivity in the somatosensory nervous system, decreased muscle strength, vestibular alteration, and severe fatigue. Progressive resistance training (PRT) has proven to be a promising intervention showing a positive effect on muscle strength. Another promising intervention frequently used in neuro-rehabilitation is task specific training where also Balance and Motor Control Training (BMCT) are incorporated.

Mildly disabled persons with multiple sclerosis use similar net joint power strategies as healthy controls when walking speed increases.

Background: To improve walking in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of walking. This study examined strategies in net joint power generated or absorbed by hip flexors, hip extensors, hip abductors, knee extensors, and plantar flexors in mildly disabled persons with MS and healthy controls at different walking speeds.

Methods: Thirteen persons with MS and thirteen healthy controls participated and peak net joint power was calculated using 3D motion analysis.

Impaired postural balance correlates with complex walking performance in mildly disabled persons with multiple sclerosis.

Background: It is relevant to understand the possible influence of impaired postural balance on walking performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) gait rehabilitation.

Objective: We expected associations between impaired postural balance and complex walking performance in mildly disabled persons with MS, but not in healthy controls.

Methods: Thirteen persons with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale = 2.

Coping with Parkinson's disease in everyday life: a systematic review protocol.

The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the best available qualitative evidence on how individuals with Parkinson's disease cope with the disease in daily life.

The intention to exercise and the execution of exercise among persons with multiple sclerosis--a qualitative metasynthesis.

Purpose: This review was designed as a qualitative metasynthesis aiming to identify factors influencing the intention to exercise and the execution of exercise among persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Method: Based on principles laid out by Sandelowski and Barroso, this qualitative metasynthesis started with a systematic literature search for studies of PwMS's experiences relating to exercise in the following databases: CINAHL, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source, PubMed, Web of Science and Psychology & Behavioral Science. The metasynthesis procedure also included critical appraisal using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist, and integrating synthesis of the articles' findings.

Increased power generation in impaired lower extremities correlated with changes in walking speeds in sub-acute stroke patients.

Background: Establishing changes in net joint power in the lower extremity of patients during recovery of walking might direct gait training in early stroke rehabilitation. It is hypothesized that (1) net joint power in the lower extremity joints would increase in sub-acute stroke patients following gait rehabilitation, and (2) the improvements in net joint power would be significantly correlated with changes in walking speed.

Methods: Thirteen sub-acute patients (<3 months from stroke onset) participated in the study.

Maximal isokinetic and isometric muscle strength of major muscle groups related to age, body mass, height, and sex in 178 healthy subjects.

The main objective of this study was to establish normative values for maximal concentric isokinetic strength and maximal isometric strength of all major muscle groups in healthy subjects applying sex, age, height, and body mass-adjusted statistical models. One hundred and seventy-eight (178) (93 male and 85 female) healthy non-athletic Danish volunteers aged 15-83 years were recruited. Eighteen test protocols for each sex were applied to determine isokinetic and isometric muscle strength at knee, ankle, hip, shoulder, elbow, and wrist using a dynamometer (Biodex System 3 PRO).