Is radical cystectomy an overtreatment for T1 high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder? Lesson learnt from case series.

The introduction of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) made a breakthrough in the treatment of high-grade nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Indeed, the intravesical immunotherapy helped many patients in preserving their bladder for a period of time. However, many studies revealed that <50% of the patient will be able to maintain their bladder in 5 years of follow-up.