Common Cold Coronavirus 229E Induces Higher Interferon Stimulating Gene Responses in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyposis.

Background: Viral infections have long been implicated in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Given widespread exposure to the common cold coronavirus 229E (HCoV229E), we sought to investigate how HCoV-229E is cleared and stimulates interferon pathways in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures from patients with CRSwNP.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify whether viral clearance and ISG expression is different in ALI cultures from donors with CRSwNP compared with controls.

Utilizing Histopathology to Predict Success with Macrolide Therapy in CRS Patients.

There is currently interest regarding CRSsNP patients with refractory symptomatology following functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and which of these patients can derive benefit from low-dose macrolide therapy. In the present study, we analyze a cohort of over fifty CRSsNP patients on macrolide therapy; structured histopathological findings at the time of surgery were analyzed against the success of macrolide treatment. Independently, fibrosis, absence of squamous metaplasia, absence of eosinophilia, presence of neutrophilic infiltrate, and lymphoplasmocytic predominance were all associated with objective success of macrolide treatment; these findings may allow clinicians to more appropriately select patients for this therapy.

A stepwise approach to the adult immunodeficiency evaluation for the rhinologist.

Purpose Of Review: Patients with an immunodeficiency may present to their Rhinologist with a history of recurrent, severe, and chronic infections. Therefore, it is essential for the Rhinologist to have a basic understanding of clinically relevant immune deficiencies.

Recent Findings: After describing different types of immunodeficiencies, their presentations, and management strategies, an evaluation algorithm is described.

Readability and quality analysis of patient education materials in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Patients are increasingly turning to online education materials to aid with disease management. Patient education materials on aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease are of poor readability with significant room for improvement.

SNOT-22 scores after 6 months of aspirin therapy are predictive of long-term quality of life in AERD.

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an inflammatory condition that consists of eosinophilic asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and respiratory reactions to cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. Aspirin therapy after aspirin desensitization (ATAD) is the most extensively studied treatment paradigm for AERD. The objective was to identify which time point of ATAD was most predictive of long-term outcomes as measured by the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22).

Microbial metabolite succinate activates solitary chemosensory cells in the human sinonasal epithelium.

Background: Succinate, although most famous for its role in the Krebs cycle, can be released extracellularly as a signal of cellular distress, particularly in situations of metabolic stress and inflammation. Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) express SUCNR1, the succinate receptor, and modulate type 2 inflammatory responses in helminth and protozoal infections in the small intestine. SCCs are the dominant epithelial source of interleukin-25, as well as an important source of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the airway, and have been implicated as upstream agents in type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma.

Steroid affected cytokines in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background: Patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are among the most challenging rhinologic patients to treat. AERD has a complex inflammatory milieu of lipid mediators and cytokines. In this study we evaluated cytokine differences in the complex AERD environment at the mucus, epithelial, and tissue levels.

Intralymphatic immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Only a fraction of patients with allergic rhinitis receive allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). AIT is most commonly delivered subcutaneously in a series of injections over 3-5 years. Common obstacles to completing this therapy include cost and inconvenience.

Pre-intervention SNOT-22 scores predict outcomes in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease.

Purpose: This study evaluated whether stratified preoperative, pre- aspirin desensitization (AD) sinonasal symptom scores predict postoperative, post-AD outcomes in Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with aspirin challenge-proven AERD who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery followed by AD was performed. Preoperative, postoperative/pre-AD, and postoperative/post-AD sinonasal symptom scores were collected (22-item Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test, SNOT-22).

Treatment Outcomes in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Based on the 12-Item Short Form Survey.

Background: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is optimally managed by endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) followed by aspirin therapy after desensitization (ATAD). Most AERD quality of life (QOL) studies use the 22-item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22), which focuses predominantly on sinonasal outcomes.

Objective: This study seeks to assess QOL outcomes in AERD patients after ESS and ATAD via the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), a well-validated QOL measure for general health status of chronic conditions.

Effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery and aspirin therapy in the management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Aspirin therapy and/or type 2 (T2) biologics are used in the management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). To identify the number of patients with AERD who tolerated aspirin therapy, yet due to persistent symptoms, incorporated T2 biologic management. A retrospective review was performed between July 2016 and June 2019.

Endoscopic sinus surgery and aspirin desensitization improve otologic-specific SNOT-22 scores.

Objective: There are few studies evaluating the impact of Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) treatment on otologic symptoms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and aspirin desensitization (AD) on otologic symptoms in subjects with AERD.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of adult patients diagnosed with AERD at our tertiary Care Academic Medical Center - Otorhinolaryngology Department.

The impact of endoscopic sinus surgery and aspirin desensitization on psychological burden in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an aggressive inflammatory disorder of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), aspirin (ASA) desensitization, and biological immunomodulators are currently used to treat the disorder.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the psychosocial impact of ESS and ASA desensitization on AERD patients.